Introduction Hydrothermal systems and their associated metal deposits have been studied at oceanic spreading centers since the late 1970s when they were first discovered. More recently, those studies have been extended to subduction zone hydrothermal systems including active volcanic arcs and back-arc environments. Oceanic spreading centers compose a global ridge system where new ocean crust is...

Abstract Coastal area pollution in Indonesia does not only occur one but is spread over several points on the coastline of Indonesian archipelago. Indramayu Regency, Indonesia’s coastal areas with significant marine resources and tourism assets, has experienced a worsening solid waste problem. This research activity was carried out Cantigi District District; both were considered capable represe...

Spherical MCM-48 mesoporous sieve co-doped with vanadium and iron was successfully synthesized via one-step hydrothermal method. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra, and X-ray photoelectr...

This paper presents the applications of Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) for solving the problem of optimal power flow for hydrothermal system (OPF-HTS) where IEEE 30-bus test system with both thermal plants and hydropower plants is considered. The problem is first developed in the paper by the combination of optimal power flow (OPF) problem and short-term hydrothermal scheduling (STHTS) problem a...

Abstract In this work, chaos game optimization (CGO), a robust approach, is employed for efficient design of novel cascade controller four test systems with interconnected power (IPSs) to tackle load–frequency control (LFC) difficulties. The CGO method based on theory principles, in which the structure fractals seen via chaotic principle and fractals’ self-similarity characteristics are conside...

The Sullivan deposit of British Columbia, Canada represents an ancient submarine hydrothermal system that formed a giant Pb-Zn-Ag massive sulfide deposit. Tourmaline is abundant in the deposit and acts as a good tracer that may reveal the nature of the original hydrothermal fluids and ore-forming processes, due to its refractory characteristics. Concentrations of Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, U and Th in tou...