From the fourth century A.D. until the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the people of the Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire participated in a wide range of sports and physical recreations. Most of these activities were inherited from Greek and Roman civilizations, or were introduced through contacts with Asia Minor and Crusading Europe. Some sport forms disappeared after a few centuries, while o...

Women along with man, from time immemorial, has formed an integral part of social structure. Her role in the various walks life contributed to evolution values which have counted for, what may be described, all round progress. status is measuring yard for assessing standard culture any age. This article examines right and women during Mughal Period India.In sixteenth seventeenth centuries, Indi...

In physical design and optimization for VLSI/ULSI, parameterized model order reduction can be used to handle large design objectives. In this paper we propose an efficient yet accurate parameterized model order reduction method EMPIRE for physical design with multiple parameters. It is the first practical algorithm using implicit moment matching to handle high order moments of very large number...

The major argument of this essay is that Kipling treats the colonial subject as the "other," and Forster proves to be almost as pro-Empire as writers like Kipling. Nevertheless, A Passage to India is eloquent in rejecting British values and introducing Indian voices. This novel records a shift in attitude in terms of exposing the bitter realities about and attitudes of British imperialists. Des...

Roman remains: Extensive ruins such as those of the Roman colony of Thamugadi (Timgad) in modern-day Algeria remind us that civilisations can and do collapse. (Photo: Wikimedia Commons/PhR61.) In 100 AD, the Roman emperor Trajan founded a new colony in Northern Africa, which he called colonia Marciana Traiana Thamugadi or Thamugadi for short. Planned to cover a surface of 12 hectares with its s...

This paper argues that the English idea of empire in the reign of Elizabeth I was derivative, belated and incoherent. Its sources were classical and continental rather than indigenous. It arose more than a century after the Scottish monarchy had elaborated its own conception of empire. Moreover, it expressed a sense of backwardness, isolation and anxiety that mirrored the English failure to est...