Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease spread by an infected vector (infected female Anopheles mosquito) or through transfusion of plasmodium-infected blood to susceptible individuals. The burden has resulted in high global mortality, particularly among children under the age five. Many intervention responses have been implemented control malaria transmission, including screening, Long-Lasting Ins...

anopheles dthali patton which is one of the 7 malaria vectors in iran was not taken in to consideration until november 1965 when definite sporozaites were found for the first time in its salivary glands in bandar abbas, south of iran. afterwards, efforts have been made to get complete ecological and epidemiological information on this species. the areas of study were two districts of mamasani, ...

BACKGROUND Infection is a well acknowledged cause of stillbirths and may account for about half of all perinatal deaths today, especially in developing countries. This review presents the impact of interventions targeting various important infections during pregnancy on stillbirth or perinatal mortality. METHODS We undertook a systematic review including all relevant literature on interventio...

This synopsis seeks to highlight and promote the enormous potential that exists between these two initiatives that seek to address closely related issues and targeting the same populations at risk within a fairly well defined geographical setting. It also attempts to argue that malaria control, just like HIV-AIDS control, be given high priority in the New Partnership for Africa's Development (N...

Background: Despite high coverage of indoor interventions like insecticide-treated nets, mosquito-borne infections persist, partly because of outdoor-biting, early-biting and insecticide-resistant vectors. Push-pull systems, where mosquitoes are repelled from humans and attracted to nearby lethal targets, may constitute effective complementary interventions. Methods: A partially randomized cros...

Field tests concerning a fog mesh method for fog removal are discussed. The first tests were performed at the Pyhäsalmi Mine, Finland. As this study gave promising results, further studies were completed at the Orivesi Mine. The results of these most recent field tests are presented and the two studies are compared. The Orivesi test set consisted of four materials. These included air filter fab...

Objective To determine the cost effectiveness of selected malaria control interventions in the context of reaching the millennium development goals for malaria. Design Generalised cost effectiveness analysis. Data sources Efficacy data came from the literature and authors’ calculations supported by expert opinion. Quantities for resource inputs came from the literature and from expert opinion; ...

BACKGROUND To achieve a child mortality reduction according to millennium development goal 4, it is necessary to considerably reduce neonatal mortality. We report stillbirth and early neonatal mortality risks as well as determinants of perinatal mortality in Eastern Uganda. METHODS A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted between 2006 and 2008. A total of 835 pregnant women we...

BACKGROUND New brands of potential long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) and LLIN treatment kits require field evaluation before they are used in a vector control programme. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-efficacy, usage, washing practice and physical integrity of nets treated with LLIN treatment kit, ICON MAXX in a phase III field trial in Odisha state, India. MET...

The malaria theme section of this issue of the Bulletin covers a wide range of topics, from combination therapy (pp. 1378–1388) and insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets (pp. 1389–1400) to the possible use of genetically modified Anopheles for vector replacement (pp. 1412–1423), from the use of geographical information systems in the planning, execution and monitoring of interventions (1401–141...