Two epizootics of cultured shrimp occurred in India in 1994. The first case of mass mortalities of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in July 1994 was very similar to that caused by yellowhead virus (YHV) infection with regard to gross clinical signs, host species and size of shrimp affected, but it was histologically atypical. Very interestingly, intranuclear inclusions typical of a white spot syndr...

Mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) were reported in southern England (Kent and Poole Harbour) during late spring of 2008. In response to these reported mortalities, samples were collected from 5 sites across the south coast of England. Clams were sampled for both histology and electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unenvelo...

Post abortion complications remain one of the major causes of mortality among women of child bearing age in Zimbabwe. Based on this problem, factors associated with mortalities due to abortion were investigated with the aim of improving post abortion outcomes for Zimbabwe's women, and possibly also for women of other African countries. Cases and controls were selected from 4895 post abortion re...

The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the effects of storage temperature and storage position on embryonic mortalities in ostrich eggs. A total of 229 ostrich eggs was collected from two commercial ostrich farms. The effects of storage temperature on embryonic mortality differed. Embryonic deaths (totalled for early, medium and late incubation) were determined at respect...

The presence of the anisakid nematode Hysterothylacium gadi aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) is reported for the first time in cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) as a new host in freshwater farms from Turkey. This marine parasitic nematode is thought to complete the life cycle in fresh water and rainbow trout could act as the definitive host for this parasite under fresh water c...

There are two approaches to measuring COVID-19 deaths – ‘COVID associated deaths’ and ‘excess deaths’. An excess framework is preferable, as there measurement error in COVID deaths, due issues relating imperfect information about that directly attributable COVID-19. The standard measure of (comparison a 5-year average) subject an omitted variables problem, it attributes the entirety variation m...