The response of organisms to environmental stress is currently used in the assessment of ecosystem health. Morphological changes integrate the multiple effects of one or several stress factors upon the development of the exposed organisms. In a natural environment, many factors determine the patterns of morphological differentiation between individuals. However, few studies have sought to disti...

the genetic diversity of 89 flue-cured tobacco varieties was examined using 12 issr primers. these cultivarswere evaluated at the guilan tobacco research center, rasht, iran, using a 7×7 simple lattice design with two replications, and 12 morphological traits. the total number of pcr amplified products was 143 bands ranging from 450 to 3000 bp, of which 108 bands (74.28%) were polymorphic. prim...

objective: field experiment was conducted in 2009 to investigate the effects of plant density and weed interference on morphological characteristics and yield of corn (zea mays, l.) at research station of university of tabriz, tabriz, iran. methods: the experiment was arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. plant density (d1, d2, d3 and d4: 5, 7...

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was domesticated in the Indo-Birmanian region, which is also the primary center of diversity for this crop. From there eggplant spread to other regions, and diversity accumulated in several secondary centers of diversity. We have assessed the diversity and relationships of 52 accessions of eggplant from three geographically distant secondary centers of diversity ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological and functional malocclusion trait changes in 3- to 12-year-old children and to determine whether such functional traits at the 3, 4, and 5 years of age correlated with malocclusion severity score at 12 years of age. Two hundred and sixty-seven children (132 boys, 135 girls) were randomly selected for a follow-up study from a previous cohort of...

Speciation involves divergence at genetic and phenotypic levels. Where substantial genetic differentiation exists among populations, examining variation in multiple phenotypic characters may elucidate the mechanisms by which divergence and speciation unfold. Previous work on the Australian funnel-web spider Atrax sutherlandi Gray (2010; Records of the Australian Museum62, 285-392; Mygalomorphae...

Beans of the species Theobroma cacao L., also known as cacao, are the raw material to produce chocolate. Colombian cacao has been classified as a fine flavor cacao that represents the 5% of cacao world's production. Colombian genetic resources from this species are conserved in ex situ and in-field germplasm banks, since T. cacao has recalcitrant seeds to desication and long-term storage. Curre...

Environmental factors can directly influence phenotype such that a tight correlation between morphological and environmental variation is expected. However, morphological response to environmental variation may also reflect constraints imposed by interactions between adjacent structures such as the gills and the trophic apparatus in fishes. Such complex interactions help to explain why an organ...

in order to evaluation of morphological selection criteria for salt tolerance screening in wheat (t. aestivum l.) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in 3 replications were conducted under greenhouse condition. salinity treatments involved 4 levels: s=1.3dsm-1 (control), 5, 10, 15 dsm-1 from calcium chloride and sodium chloride with 10:1 (na: ca ratio) and another facto...