Glacier retreat has caused the emergence of numerous moraine-dammed glacial lakes (MGL) over last century which have become research foci in many mountain regions world. Outbursts MGLs destructive floods and debris flows, leading to human casualties significant material damage. The mountains South-Eastern Kazakhstan also prone lake outburst related specifically second half 20th century. This pa...

Experimental and theoretical models are used to explore the break of a moraine dam by catastrophic erosional incision initiated by overtopping with a displacement wave. The experiments are conducted in a rectangular tank with an erodible barrier made from sand and grit. Theory combines shallow-water hydrodynamics with an empirical model of erosion. The models confirm that dams can be broken by ...

Moraines along the southwestern slopes of the Qilian Shan were dated using cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) surface exposure techniques to help define the timing of glaciation in northernmost Tibet. The CRN data show glaciers extending 5–10 km beyond their present positions during the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and probably maintained at their maximum extent until the Lateglacial. These dat...

Introduction: Elephant Moraine (EET) 87521 is a polymict mare basalt breccia containing very-low-titanium (VLT) basalt components and rarer KREEP components. [1] showed that within pyroxene from VLT lithic clasts of EET87521, there were two distinct trends in a plot of Ti/(Ti+Cr) versus Fe/(Fe+Mg) (Figure 1). They suggested that the two fractionation trends (A and B) were the result of differen...

Abstract In the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) there are countless small lakes with orographic catchments that often located only slightly below respective summit regions. On one hand, in karstable aquifers and their existence is likely to be related karstification. Then, they expected directly connected karst water body. These classified as lakes. other alpine environment also influenced by gl...