Sampling is a key step in rendering pipeline. It allows the integration of light arriving to a point of the scene in order to calculate its color. Monte Carlo integration is generally the most used method to approximate that integral by choosing a finite number of samples. Reducing the bias and the variance of Monte Carlo integration has become one of the most important issues in realistic rend...

one of known methods for measuring, forecasting and managing risk is value at risk, which recently has been used by financial institutions extensively. value at risk (var) is a method for recognizing and evaluating risk and uses standard statistical techniques that have daily using in other contexts. this research is seeking a career for managing investment risk in stock exchange and selection ...

Probabilistic DNA sequence models have been intensively applied to genome research. Within the evolutionary biology framework, this article investigates the feasibility for rigorously estimating the probability of a set of orthologous DNA sequences which evolve from a common progenitor. We propose Monte Carlo integration algorithms to sample the unknown ancestral and/or root sequences a posteri...

We apply the Quasi Monte Carlo (QMC) and recursive numerical integration methods to evaluate the Euclidean, discretized time path-integral for the quantum mechanical anharmonic oscillator and a topological quantum mechanical rotor model. For the anharmonic oscillator both methods outperform standard Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and show a significantly improved error scaling. For the quantu...

When making estimates of a quantum state, point estimators express one’s best guess of the true state, but estimator regions are important to express the uncertainty associated with the estimate. Employing the Bayesian approach, we discuss the use of smallest credible regions (SCRs), the smallest possible regions for given credibilities, as optimal estimator regions. However, constructing the S...

in this study, monte carlo statistical mechanical simulations for vinblastine and vincristine werecarried out in standard manner using the metropolis sampling technique in canonical (t, v, n)ensemble., geometrical optimizations of vinblastine and vincristine were carried out with the hfmethod coupled to 6-31g(d) basis sets for all atoms. simulation was done by four force fields ofmm+, bio+, amb...