Background Advanced cell culture models, especially long-term 3D systems, require bioreactors allowing for cultivation under continuous flow conditions. Such culture models are for example tissue engineered implants, 3D cultures for drug testing, in vitro models of cell growth and migration for wound healing studies, cell cultures for biomaterial testing. New challenges in drug testing and biom...

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have gained increasing interest in drug discovery and tissue engineering due to their evident advantages in providing more physiologically relevant information and more predictive data for in vivo tests. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of 3D cell culture systems in comparison to the two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture, focusing on ce...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) pose a serious obstacle to cancer therapy as they can be responsible for poor prognosis and tumour relapse. In this study, we have investigated inhibitory activity of the ginger-derived compound 6-shogaol against breast cancer cells both in monolayer and in cancer-stem cell-like spheroid culture. The spheroids were generated from adherent breast cancer cells. 6-shogaol ...

The Ras proto-oncogene has been implicated in the in vivo development of tumors and in the in vitro transformation of cultured cell lines. In both of these conditions, Ras-mediated disruption of cell cycle-regulatory mechanisms leads to unregulated cellular proliferation, although the exact mechanisms by which Ras accomplishes this are not clear. Using as a model the M1 and MR1 rat fibroblast c...

In this study, the immunogenicity of a rabies vaccine that was used in one of the Isfahan cattle farms is reported. This vaccine was produced by replication of the Pasteur virus (PV) strain on BHK-21 monolayer cell culture. The virus suspension was inactivated by ß-propiolactone treatment and the harvested pool showed sterility and safety. Thus, the obtained vaccine was tested on mice and a sat...

Studies have been carried out on the glycosphingolipids of human KB cells grown in monolayer and suspension culture, and by synchronization of the latter with a double thymidine (2mM) block. Glycosphingolipids were identified tentatively by thin layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The predominant gangliosides in the thes...

Expanded costochondral cells provide a clinically relevant cell source for engineering both fibrous and hyaline articular cartilage. Expanding chondrocytes in a monolayer results in a shift toward a proliferative, fibroblastic phenotype. Three-dimensional aggregate culture may, however, be used to recover chondrogenic matrix production. This study sought to engineer a spectrum of fibrous to hya...

This study aimed to investigate the chondrogenic transdifferentiation potential of human dermal fibroblasts (DFs) by stimulation with cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1 (CDMP1). Using CDMP1 (100 ng/mL) we induced human DFs at passage 5 in both monolayer and micromass culture. Chondrogenic-specific markers were detected via immunochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,...

Oncogenic transformation has been associated with decreased fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly. For example, both the HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and MAT-LyLu cell lines fail to assemble a FN matrix when grown in monolayer culture (2-dimensional [2D] system). In this study, we show that these cells regain the ability to assemble a FN matrix when they are grown as aggregates (3-dimensional [3D] system). ...

Researchers are turning to three-dimensional (3D) cell culture as a way to increase the biological relevance of their disease models and predictive value of drug studies1. These 3D models typically increase the level of cell-cell interaction and reduce or eliminate the dominant cell-plastic interaction seen in standard monolayer cultures. There are a number of ways of generating 3D cell culture...