Infiltration of monocytes into the arterial wall is an early cellular event in atherogenesis. Recent evidence shows that C-reactive protein (CRP) is deposited in the arterial intima at sites of atherogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that CRP deposition precedes the appearance of monocytes in early atherosclerotic lesions. CRP is chemotactic for freshly isolated human blood monocytes. A sp...

We evaluated the innate immune response to various synthetic CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) by measuring nitric oxide production in the peripheral blood monocytes from turkey poults. The results indicate that the presence of the CpG dinucleotide in ODNs was a prerequisite for activation of turkey monocytes and induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. CpG motifs and sequence st...

Although both monocytes and macrophages possess essential requirements for HIV-1 entry, peripheral blood monocytes are infrequently infected with HIV-1 in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, tissue macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro are highly susceptible to infection with HIV-1 R5 tropic strains. We investigated intracellular anti-HIV-1 factors that contribute to differential su...

Background—Atherosclerotic lesions are believed to grow via the recruitment of bone marrow–derived monocytes. Among the known murine monocyte subsets, Ly-6C monocytes are inflammatory, accumulate in lesions preferentially, and differentiate. Here, we hypothesized that the bone marrow outsources the production of Ly-6C monocytes during atherosclerosis. Methods and Results—Using murine models of ...

Highly purified preparations of normal human monocytes obtained from peripheral blood were shown to contain a subcellular particulate O2.(-)-generating oxidase system. This O2.(-)-generating activity was present in particulate preparations from monocytes that had been previously stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate but was low or absent in control preparations from unstimulated monocytes o...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether monocytes contribute to matrix deposition in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by production of tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). METHODS Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and TIMP-1 expression and secretion were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA in circulating monocytes from patients with SSc, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls ...

Results The level of cell surface gp130 expression on SF monocytes was reduced compared to peripheral blood (PB) monocytes from patients with JIA. This reduction could be reproduced by stimulating PB monocytes from healthy donors with SF and was dependent on p38 MAPK. The induction of p38 by IL-1b in PB monocytes interfered with IL-6 signaling due to the reduced cell surface expression of gp130...