The use of driving simulation in vehicle design and development is growing. For maximal benefit, vehicle models used in the driving simulator must be rapidly reconfigurable and easy to develop. To evaluate potential modeling concepts, vehicle dynamics and vehicle subsystems are developed using modular model components. These are integrated with simulator cueing subsystems, using the same modeli...

Abstract The construction of modular digital smart grid, as a result, the complexity power grid is increasing and new technologies schemes are emerging, more sophisticated design means needed. Therefore, author puts forward research on intelligent three-dimensional substation. emergence 3D has changed status quo difficult collaboration among multiple disciplines under traditional mode, improved...

The modular construction of many plants and animals defies conventional approaches to the study of life histories and population dynamics. An important complication of modular construction is that individuals can rapidly decrease in size when some modules are removed or die or when an individual fragments. Most attempts to describe life histories and population dynamics of modular organisms cla...