A prospective trial to demonstrate the efficacy of intrathecal baclofen therapy by implanted pump for adults with spasticity due to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis was initiated in our hospital. Of the 140 patients assessed, 7 met the following criteria for inclusion in the study: a modified Ashworth score > 3, a spasm frequency score > 2, and an inadequate response to oral anti-spasti...

Primary objective: To evaluate effectiveness of phenol blocks of peripheral nerves in reducing spasticity brain injured and spinal cord injured patients. Secondary objectives: To measure the change in the range of motion after phenol blocks to peripheral nerves, to identify the electrophysiological changes and to study the cost effectiveness and side effects of phenol blocks. Study design: Desc...

BACKGROUND The effect of using robots to improve motor recovery has received increased attention, even though the most effective protocol remains a topic of study. OBJECTIVE . The objective was to compare the training effects of treatments on the wrist joint of subjects with chronic stroke with an interactive rehabilitation robot and a robot with continuous passive motion. METHODS . This st...

BACKGROUND Cell transplantation is a 'hype and hope' in the current scenario. It is in the early stage of development with promises to restore function in chronic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in stroke patients has shown significant improvement by reducing clinical and functional deficits. They are feasible and multipotent and have homing characteristics. This study eva...

OBJECTIVE To find out the effect of deep cross-friction massage on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS This double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted at the National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan, from January to July 2013, and comprised paediatric patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. The participants were equally divided into...

BACKGROUND Paratonia, a form of hypertonia, is associated with loss of mobility and with the development of contractures especially in the late stages of the dementia. Passive movement therapy (PMT) currently is the main physiotherapeutic intervention. General doubt about the beneficial effects of this widely used therapy necessitates a randomised clinical trial (RCT) to study the efficacy of P...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) on spasticity and function in patients with focal spasticity. METHODS Patients attended to the outpatient clinic of physical medicine and rehabilitation department with a diagnosis of focal spasticity and had BTX-A injections because of spasticty were evaluated for the study. Demographic data, exercise status, orthoses, dru...

OBJECTIVE To review the available evidence on the effectiveness of intrathecal baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) at least 6 months post-injury or diagnosis. DATA SOURCES A literature search of multiple databases (Pub Med, CINAHL, EMBASE) was conducted to identify articles published in the English language. STUDY SELECTION Studies were in...

Background Impaired hand dexterity is a major disability of the upper limb after stroke. An electromyography (EMG)-driven neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) robotic hand was designed previously, whereas its rehabilitation effects were not investigated. Objectives This study aims to investigate the rehabilitation effectiveness of the EMG-driven NMES-robotic hand-assisted upper-limb tr...