Honey bees, Apis mellifera, which perform hygienic behavior, quickly detect, uncap and remove diseased brood from the nest. This behavior, performed by bees 15-20 days old and prior to foraging, is likely mediated by olfactory cues. Because the neuromodulator octopamine (OA) plays a pivotal role in olfactory-based behaviors of honey bees, we examined whether bees bred for hygienic and nonhygien...

in recent years, one of the slogans of world health organization (who) has been: prevention is better than cure. in dentistry, this means following hygienic rules in order to maintain oral cavity’s health, hence preventing microbial diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. today, the role of oral health on whole body health is fully recognized. for improving the health of the so...