introduction:with increasing threats of weapons of mass destruction (wmd) in future war especially biological threats against our country necessity of using novel technologies in crisis management against new warfare’s is very important. passive defense as a peaceful and preventive strategy without any warfare is able to not only monitor the prospect of new warfare specially biological warfare ...

astigmatism’s defect has not yet been formulated in physics and medical physics books theoretically. in this paper, we are trying to formulate the astigmatism’s defect. the results of formulation show that “the degree of astigmatism is negative reverse the distance that vision’s condition of astigmatism’s chart lines change conditions in dimness angle from dimness condition at infinite distance...

hanna mina is considered as  one of the realist writers. he achieved fame in syria by his first novel al-masabih al-zorq (1945) and in his later works introduced himself as a prolific and talented writer.he was different from the others because the subject of his novels was life problems and he believed that realism can embrace other literary schools  such as  romanticism and symbolism. this ap...

in the past decades, many methods have been developed to synthesize zero- dimensional  nanoparticles, quasi–one–dimensional (1d) cuo nanostructures, such as metal organic deposition technique,  microwave irradiation, sol-gel-like dip  technique, reverse micelle-assisted route, chemical method, and simple template free solution route. among those synthesis methods, hydrothermal and chemical reac...