in this study, eutrophication was investigated in lake ontario to identify the interactions among effective drivers. the complexity of such phenomenon was modeled using a system dynamics approach based on a consideration of constant and variable stoichiometric ratios. the system dynamics approach is a powerful tool for developing object-oriented models to simulate complex phenomena that involve...

Air distribution in commercial airliner cabins is very important for the comfort and health of passengers and crew. Experimental measurements, CFD simulations, and inverse modeling are state-of-the-art methods available for studying the air distribution. This paper gave an overview the different experimental models, such as scale models, simplified models, full-scale mockups, and actual air cab...

The study examined the interaction between field dependence-independence (FD/I) and learning with modeling software and simulations, and their effect on children’s performance. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A first learned with a modeling tool and then with simulations. Group B learned first with simulations and then with a modeling tool. A statistically significant...

The Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations (SEAS) developed at the Krannert Graduate School of Management at Purdue University mimics real life economies, with multiple interlinked markets, multiple goods and services, multiple firms and channels and multiple consumers etc. all built from the ground up. It is populated with human agents who make strategically complex decisions and a...

The importance of force sensitivity in robots that interact with unknown disturbance is acknowledged. For the manipulators, impedance controlled robots realized safe and robust object manipulation. For the legged mechanism, it is expected to enhance locomotion stability, since locomotion fundamentally is a manipulation of the center of mass. In order to maximize force sensitivity, both the forc...

Many recent studies reveal that sea ice concentration (SIC) in the eastern Arctic and snow cover extent (SCE) over central Eurasia in late autumn are potential predictors of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We used maximum covariance analysis (MCA) to investigate the links between autumn SIC in the Barents-Kara Seas (BK) and SCE over Eurasia (EUR) with winter (DJF) sea level pressur...

The long-term sea level change during 1993 – 2008 is investigated in the Malaysian Seas from satellite altimetry data of the Topex, Jason-1, ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat missions. During the past two decades, satellite altimeter has provided its capability in measuring the global mean of sea level with precision better than 1 mm/year. Sea level data retrieval and reduction were carried out using Ra...