In order to lowering level of emissions of internal combustion engines (ICEs), they should be optimally controlled. However, ICEs operate under numerous operating conditions, which in turn makes it difficult to design controller for such nonlinear systems. In this article, a generalized unique controller for idle speed control under whole loading conditions is designed. In the current study, in...

Upscaling based on the bandwidth of the kernel function is a flexible approach to upscale the data because the cells will be coarse-based on variability. The intensity of the coarsening of cells in this method can be controlled with bandwidth. In a smooth variability region, a large number of cells will be merged, and vice versa, they will remain fine with severe variability. Bandwidth variatio...

In this paper, a novel technique for the design of two-channel Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) banks with linear phase in frequency domain is presented. To satisfy the exact reconstruction condition of the filter bank, low-pass prototype filter response in pass-band, transition band and stop band is optimized using unconstrained indirect update optimization method. The objective function is form...

The CERCHAR abrasivity test is very popular for determination of rock abrasivity. An accurate estimation of the CERCHAR abrasivity index (CAI) is useful for excavation operation costs. This paper presents a model to calculate CAI based on the gene expression programming (GEP) approach. This model is trained and tested based on a database collected from the experimental results available in the ...

  Introduction: Monte Carlo (MC) is the most common method for simulating virtual SPECT projections. It is useful for optimizing procedures, evaluating correction algorithms and more recently image reconstruction as a forward projector in iterative algorithms; however, the main drawback of MC is its long run time. We introduced a model based method considering the eff...

Convective air drying characteristics of mango slices at different drying temperatures (60°C, 70°C and 80°C), at an air velocity of 0.5 m/s and for constant sample thickness (3 mm) were investigated. Results indicated that drying took place in the falling rate period. Drying time decreased considerably with increased drying temperature. Three mathematical models; namely, Newton (Lewis), Henders...