Concern has been mounting over the environmental impact of freight transport, particularly over the contribution of CO2 emissions from heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) to global warming. In its Sustainable Distribution document and subsequent policy statements the British government has identified a series of policy measures designed to make logistical operations more sustainable in economic, social...

Here we investigate theoretically and numerically the coupling between surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in monolayer graphene sheet arrays that have a period much smaller than the wavelength. We show that when the collective SPP is excited with an out-of-phase illumination, the beam tends to propagate toward the opposite direction of the Bloch momentum, reflecting a negative coupling between t...

Counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) is a key technique for the verification of computer programs. Grumberg et al. developed a CEGAR-based algorithm for the modal μ-calculus. There, every abstract state is split in a refinement step. In this paper, the work of Grumberg et al. is generalized by presenting a new CEGAR-based algorithm for the μ-calculus. It is based on a more expre...

The effects of emotionality and length on lateralized lexical decision of abstract nouns were investigated in 41 normal and three commissurotomized subjects. Emotionality had the same effect in both visual fields: Emotional words were responded to more accurately than neutral words. Length had different effects in the two visual fields: The accuracy of lexical decisions in the left visual field...

We used the Fsp technique to quantify the influence of changing stages of consciousness on the signal-to-noise ratio of the middle latency response (MLR). The MLR and polysomnographic activity were obtained from 10 subjects during a continuous 6-hour period. The Fsp statistic was applied to the MLR data in order to determine the number of scores above a specified criterion in each stage of cons...

Over the next few decades European companies will come under intense pressure to cut their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in an effort to achieve very ambitious carbon reduction targets at national, EU and global levels by 2050. This paper presents a framework for the decarbonisation of their logistical activities based on five key freight transport parameters: freight transport intensity, moda...

investigations on vibration behaviors of railway track systems were attempted in this research. this was made by conducting a comprehensive field investigation into the free vibration of track systems and response of tracks to train moving loads. in-situ modal analysis was used in a railway track field as an efficient method of investigating dynamic properties of railway track systems. natural ...

the set of all non-increasing non-negative integer sequences $pi=(d_1‎, ‎d_2,ldots,d_n)$ is denoted by $ns_n$‎. ‎a sequence $piin ns_{n}$ is said to be graphic if it is the degree sequence of a simple graph $g$ on $n$ vertices‎, ‎and such a graph $g$ is called a realization of $pi$‎. ‎the set of all graphic sequences in $ns_{n}$ is denoted by $gs_{n}$‎. ‎the complete product split graph on $l‎ ...

The zero bias stability, which is an important performance parameter for vibratory cylinder gyroscopes, is high sensitive to temperature change. It is considered that the varying temperature makes the vibration mode axes unstable, which has significant influence on the zero bias stability. This paper will investigate this problem in detail. First, the relationships between the angular positions...