It is well-known that satisfiability (and hence validity) in the minimal classical modal logic is a PSPACE-complete problem. In this paper we consider the satisfiability and validity problems (here they are not dual, although mutually reducible) for the minimal modal logic over a finite Lukasiewicz chain, and show that they also are PSPACE-complete. This result is also true when adding either t...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to get to a neurological evaluation of one of the Persian music scales, Homayoun, on brain activation of non-musician subjects. We selected this scale because Homayoun is one of the main scales in Persian classical music which is similar to minor mode in western scales. Methods: This study was performed on 19 right handed subjects, Aging 22-31. Here some ...

R. Meyer and E. Mares [10] studied the logic CNR, a classical relevant logic with a modal connective. Such logic is of type S4. As it has been noted in [10], the addition of a modal operator in the language of classical relevant logic and the axioms φ ∧ ψ → (φ ∧ ψ) and (φ ∧ ψ) → ( φ ∧ ψ) do not necessarily produce theorems such that as (φ→ ψ) → φ → ψ or (♦φ→ ψ) → (φ→ ψ). These formulas are well...

The present paper aims at establishing formal connections between correspondence phenomena, well known from the area of modal logic, and the theory of display calculi, originated by Belnap. These connections have been seminally observed and exploited by Marcus Kracht, in the context of his characterization of the modal axioms (which he calls primitive formulas) which can be effectively transfor...

Lax Logic is an intuitionistic modal logic which has so far been investigated at the propositional level. It has shown itself to have applications in the formal veriication of hardware|a logical modality is used to capture and express the correctness of speciicationsùp to' behavioural constraints. A translation from Quantiied Lax Logic to a quantiied classical modal logic is presented which ena...

background: there is no information about the pattern of use of earphones and music players in iranian adolescents. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of the use of earphone and music player devices as a main risk factor for hearing loss in adolescents of tabriz city, northwest of iran. methods: in this cross‑sectional study in november 2011, 2,359 high school studen...

The effects of listening to different types of music on perceived and physiological indicators of relaxation were evaluated. Fifty-six undergraduate students, 24 males and 32 females, mean age of 21, were randomly assigned to listen to classical, hard rock, self-selected relaxing music, or no music. Participants' relaxation level, skin temperature, muscle tension and heart rate were evaluated b...

The paper looks into to the work of modern Iranian calligrapher and artist Bahman Panahi. On example his works, one can see dynamism art calligraphy. This type Muslim continues develop actively and, in combination with other types, such as ornament, music or graffiti, gives rise new interesting directions. In Panahi, calligraphy is so naturally combined that himself refers works genre musicalli...