A total of 144 Kg of strawberry and 38 soil samples, representing two types of farming production e.g. conventional (C), organic (O), was collected from (Bilbeis and AL-Salhia, New AL-Sharqiya governorate) Egypt. Pesticides residues were determined by gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MSD). This method used to determine 86 pesticide residues with a broad range of physico-chemi...

Fragaria vesca, a diploid woodland strawberry with a small and sequenced genome, is an excellent model for studying fruit development. The strawberry fruit is unique in that the edible flesh is actually enlarged receptacle tissue. The true fruit are the numerous dry achenes dotting the receptacle's surface. Auxin produced from the achene is essential for the receptacle fruit set, a paradigm for...

Ripening of fleshy fruits is controlled by a series of intricate signaling processes. Here, we report a FERONIA/FER-like receptor kinase, FaMRLK47, that regulates both strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit ripening and quality formation. Overexpression and RNAi-mediated downregulation of FaMRLK47 delayed and accelerated fruit ripening, respectively. We showed that FaMRLK47 physically interacts...

Large-scale, single pass sequencing and parallel gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays were employed for the comprehensive investigation of ripening in strawberry fruit. A total of 1701 cDNA clones (comprising 1100 strawberry ESTs and 601 unsequenced cDNAs) obtained from a strawberry (Fragariaxananassa) ripe fruit cDNA library were displayed on microarrays, and used for monitoring conc...

Crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) causes significant economic losses in strawberry production. The best control strategy would be to use resistant cultivars, but polygenically inherited resistance makes the breeding of the garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) challenging. The diploid wild strawberry Fragaria vesca Hawaii 4 genotype was shown previously to have resistance against crown rot. T...

Plant phenolics have drawn increasing attention due to their potential nutritional benefits. Although the basic reactions of the phenolics biosynthetic pathways in plants have been intensively analyzed, the regulation of their accumulation and flux through the pathway is not that well established. The aim of this study was to use a strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) microarray to investigate gene...

Photoperiod and temperature are major environmental signals affecting flowering in plants. Although molecular pathways mediating these signals have been well characterized in the annual model plant Arabidopsis, much less information is known in perennials. Many perennials including the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) are induced to flower in response to decreasing photoperiod and temper...

BACKGROUND The spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is the major strawberry pest in Brazil. The main strategies for its control comprise synthetic acaricides and predatory mites. The recent register of a commercial formula of azadirachtin (Azamax(®) 12 g L(-1) ) can be viable for control of T. urticae. In this work, the effects of azadirachtin on T. urticae and its compatibility with predatory mit...

We introduce the notion of a mock tridiagonal system. This is a generalization of a tridiagonal system in which the irreducibility assumption is replaced by a certain nonvanishing condition. We show how mock tridiagonal systems can be used to construct tridiagonal systems that meet certain specifications. This paper is part of our ongoing project to classify the tridiagonal systems up to isomor...

Environmental factors affecting flower development may limit the yields of fruiting crops worldwide. In temperate regions, chilling temperatures during flower development can compromise fruit production, but their negative effects vary depending on the differing susceptibilities of each developmental stage. The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.) is widely grown worldwide but finan...