An amphiphilic electron-deficient (n-type) perylene diimide has been synthesized and characterized. The diimide contains a hydrophobic long chain on one end and a hydrophilic ethoxy chain on the other. The self-assembly of this molecule in polar and nonpolar solvents has been demonstrated by concentration- and temperature-dependent absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Analysis of the spe...

The global bio-based chemical market is growing in size and importance. Bio-based solvents such as glycerol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran are often discussed as important introductions to the conventional repertoire of solvents. However adoption of new innovations by industry is typically slow. Therefore it might be anticipated that neoteric solvent systems (e.g., ionic liquids) will remain niche...

The photostability of aromatic compounds in the presence of air is significantly improved through perfluoroalkylation of the corresponding aromatic cores and use of polyfluorinated solvents despite higher O(2) concentration in polyfluorinated solvents than in hydrocarbon solvents.

The mixing behavior of the gas-liquid phase in three loop bioreactors was investigated. A gas-induced External Airlift Loop Bioreactor (EALB), a forced-liquid Vertical Tubular Loop Bioreactor (VTLB) and a forced-liquid Horizontal Tubular Loop Bioreactor (HTLB) were used for mixing studies as well as biomass production from natural gas. The effect of design parameters, riser to downcomer cro...

For a general group G we consider various weak mixing properties of nonsingular actions. In the case where the action is actually measure preserving all these properties coincide, and our purpose here is to check which implications persist in the nonsingular case.

A binary relation R on a set S is transitive iff for all a, b, c ∈ S, if aRb and bRc, then aRc. This almost never applies to the relations logicians tend to think of as consequence relations; where such relations are relations on a set at all, they are rarely transitive. Yet it is common to hear consequence relations described as ‘transitive’, and to see rules imposed to ensure ‘transitivity’ o...

I recount briefly the history of neutrino tribimaximal mixing and the use of the discrete family symmetry A4 in obtaining it. Talk at the 4th International Conference on Flavor Physics, Beijing, September 2007. 1 Neutrino Tribimaximal Mixing In 1978, soon after the putative discovery of the third family of leptons and quarks, it was conjectured by Cabibbo [1] and Wolfenstein [2] independently t...

A novel acylation approach suited to rapid bulk thermoplasticization of lignocellulose without solvents was previously demonstrated by the authors in benchtop batch studies. The method relies upon a benzethonium chloride/sulfuric acid functionalizing agent at low concentrations act as wetting for wood pulp, similar an ionic liquid, yet binds ester flow aid final thermoplastic. present investiga...

Micromixers are one of the most crucial components of Lab-On-a-Chip devices with the intention of mixing and dispersion of reagents like small molecules and particles. The challenge facing micromixers is typically insufficient mixing efficiency in basic designs, which results in longer microchannels. Therefore, it is desirable to increase mixing efficiency, in order to decrease mixing length, w...