The homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum membranes is catalyzed by the atlastin GTPase. The mechanism involves trans-dimerization between GTPase heads and a favorable crossover conformational shift, catalyzed by GTP hydrolysis, that converts the dimer from a "prefusion" to "postfusion" state. However, whether crossover formation actually energizes fusion remains unclear, as do the sequence...

An enormous dissipation of the order of 2 kJ/L takes place during the natural mixing process of fresh river water entering the salty sea. “Capacitive mixing” is a promising technique to efficiently harvest this energy in an environmentally clean and sustainable fashion. This method has its roots in the ability to store a very large amount of electric charge inside supercapacitor or battery elec...

We study the renormalization of dimension four composite operators and the energy-momentum tensor in noncommutative complex scalar field theory. The proper operator basis is defined and it is proved that the bare composite operators are expressed via renormalized ones with the help of an appropriate mixing matrix which is calculated in the one-loop approximation. The number and form of the oper...

We study the mixing of elementary and composite particles. In quantum field theory the mixing of composite particles originates in the couplings of the constituent quarks and for neutrinos in self–energy diagrams. In the event that the incoming and outgoing neutrinos have different masses, the self–energy diagrams vanish because energy is not conserved but the finite decaying widths make the mi...

Quantum beats of heavy and light holes in GaAs quantum wells are investigated in femtosecond time-resolved four-wave mixing and transmission experiments as a function of optical excitation energy. Under nonexcitonic excitation conditions, the four-wave mixing signal disappears due to the immediate loss of the interband coherence of continuum states. In the transmission experiment, the quantum b...

Using a variational quantum Monte Carlo method, the effect of Landau-level mixing on the lowest-energy– state diagram of small quantum dots is studied in the magnetic-field range where the density of magnetic flux quanta just exceeds the density of electrons. An accurate analytical many-body wave function is constructed for various angular momentum and spin states in the lowest Landau level, an...

One of the pivotal questions in the dynamics of the oceans is related to the cascade of mechanical energy in the abyss and its contribution to mixing. Here, we propose a unique self-consistent experimental and numerical set up that models a cascade of triadic interactions transferring energy from large-scale monochromatic input to multiscale internal wave motion. We also provide, for the first ...

The mixing efficiency Rf (more formally referred to as the flux Richardson number) is a widely used parameter that is intended to provide a measure of the amount of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) that is irreversibly converted to background potential energy as a result of turbulent mixing in a stably stratified fluid. In this paper, three different definitions of the mixing efficiency that are ...

Super-Kamiokande has measured the solar neutrino flux using elastic neutrino-electron scattering in water. The measured flux is 2.32 ± 0.03(stat) −0.07(syst)×10 /(cms) based on the energy range of 5 to 20 MeV for the recoiling electron. The time-dependence and energy spectrum of the recoiling electrons were studied to search for two-neutrino oscillation signatures. The absence of either signifi...

Abstract: We explore two strategies that resample from previously sampled observations in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. In one strategy the MCMC sampler reuses its own past. We show that in general this strategy generates a sampler with slower mixing. We propose another strategy based on multiple chains where some of the chains reuse past samples generated by other chains. This latter a...