We study Vand Λ-patterns which generalize valleys and peaks, as well as increasing and decreasing runs, in permutations. A complete classification of permutations (multi)-avoiding Vand Λ-patterns of length 4 is given. We also establish a connection between restricted permutations and matchings in the coronas of complete graphs.

The routing environment for the new emerging mixed-signal System-on-Package (SOP) technology is more advanced than that of the conventional PCB or MCM technology – pins are located at all layers of SOP packaging substrate rather than the top-most layer only. We propose a new interconnect-centric layer assignment algorithm named LA-SOP that handles arbitrary routing topologies and produces near ...

This paper presents significant improvements in the generation of analog signals for on-chip analog circuit testing. In particular, the novel oscillators proposed here can achieve signal-to-noise ratios far greater than previous designs, while remaining area-efficient. One particular example illustrates a 30 dB improvement in the SNR. Alternatively, signals can be generated with the same SNR as...

Recent studies have shown that the auditory corticofugal system modulates and improves signal processing in the frequency, time and spatial domains. In this study, we examine corticofugal modulation of rate-intensity functions of inferior collicular (IC) neurons of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, by electrical stimulation in the primary auditory cortex (AC). Cortical electrical stimulation...

INTRODUCTION PORTABLE phones have been such a hit in the market because their small, lightweight design enables them to be taken along wherever the user goes. The inconvenience of recharging also means that long call and standby times are highly valued. To provide a solution to these market needs, Hitachi engineers focused on the high-frequency signal processing block, which uses more external ...

BACKGROUND The changes in inspiratory capacity (IC) over time in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are unknown. The Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium (UPLIFT®) trial included IC measurements. METHODS IC analysis from UPLIFT® (N = 5992) was performed at 1 and 6 months, and every 6 months through 4 years. Annualized rate of decline in pre-...

In advanced millimeter-wave packaging technology, signal loss is considered the main problem, which can be resolved using low-loss circuits for minimizing transmission losses. Herein, radio frequency integrated circuit (RF-IC), an active element, and antenna are assembled in one package form to realize such a by utilizing modified polyimide (MPI) material. The material analysis of MPI reveals d...

melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage and   protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. melanogenesis is under   complex regulatory control by multiple agents. tyrosinase is a   multifunctional, which catalyzes the first two steps in mammalian   melanogenesis. in this study, inhibitory effects of astragalus fasciculifolius   and astragalus gypsicolus on diphenolase acti...

In this paper, we investigate data converters that exploit the possibilities of advanced digital signal processing. After discussing the necessity and prospects of digital signal processing for data converters to comply with next generation system specifications, we demonstrate three examples of digitally enhanced data converters: time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters, all-digital phase...

Sinusoidal signal can be used as stimulus to test static and dynamic parameters of ADC. A sigma-delta modulation based sinusoidal signal generator for ADC testing in SOC was introduced. The generator was built on the same chip with ADC. A numerical resonator generated a sinusoidal signal which was converted to a single bit stream by a sigma-delta modulator. Due to oversampling, the quantization...