The mushroom bodies of the honeybee are important neuropils for learning and memory. Therefore, knowledge about their input and output connections is essential to understanding how these neuropils function. A newly described input tract to the mushroom body is presented here, which is called the subesophageal-calycal tract (SCT) and connects the subesophageal ganglion with the calyces of the mu...

The mechanisms of hemoglobin precipitation into Heinz bodies and hemolytic anemia that characterize congenital Heinz body hemolytic anemia (CHBHA) were studied in patients with the unstable hemoglobins, Köln (beta-98 valine --> methionine) and Hammersmith (beta-42 phenylalanine --> serine). The cysteines in the 93rd position of the beta-chains of CHBHA hemoglobins bound glutathione excessively ...

This study investigates the effects of three types instruction on acquisition foreign /s/-initial onset clusters (/sl/, /sn/, and /st/-sC clusters), a process characterized by developmental sequence in which /sl/ is acquired before /sn/ /st/. 118 native speakers Brazilian Portuguese participated 4-week language course to learn set vocabulary associated pronunciation Taki, self-constructed minia...

This is an overview of the significance and main uses of projection, lifting and extended formulation in integer and combinatorial optimization. Its first two sections deal with those basic properties of projection that make it such an effective and useful bridge between problem formulations in different spaces, i.e. different sets of variables. They discuss topics like projection and restricti...

We propose a fully monolithic two-way coupling framework that couples incompressible fluids to reduced deformable bodies. Notably, the resulting linear system matrix is both symmetric and positive-definite. Our method allows for the simulation of interesting free-surface as well as underwater phenomena, enabling the use of reduced deformable bodies as full-fledged simulation primitives alongsid...

We present a family of mixed finite element spaces for second order elliptic equations in two and three space dimensions. Our spaces approximate the vector flux by a continuous function. Our spaces generalize certain spaces used for approximation of Stokes problems. The finite element method incorporates projections of the Dirichlet data and certain low order terms. The method is locally conser...

The principal projections to the mammillary bodies arise from just two sites, Gudden's tegmental nuclei (dorsal and ventral nuclei) and the hippocampal formation (subiculum and pre/postsubiculum). The present study sought to compare the neurochemical properties of these mammillary body inputs in the rat, with a focus on calcium-binding proteins. Neuronal calretinin (CR) immunoreactivity was spa...

We provide an a priori error analysis of a wide class of finite element methods for the Stokes equations. The methods are based on the velocity gradient-velocity-pressure formulation of the equations and include new and old mixed and hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods. We show how to reduce the error analysis to the verification of some properties of an elementwise-defined projection a...

In this article, we introduce and consider the three-step iterative algorithms for solving a new system of generalized mixed variational inequalities involving different three multi-valued operators. In this study, we use a generalized f-projection method for finding the solutions of generalized system of mixed variational inequalities in Banach spaces. Our result in this article improves and g...