It has been shown that negative affect causes attentional narrowing. According to Easterbrook's (1959) influential hypothesis this effect is driven by the withdrawal motivation inherent to negative emotions and might be related to increases in arousal. We investigated whether valence-unspecific increases in physiological arousal, as measured by pupil dilation, could account for attentional narr...

Sustained fixation of a bright coloured stimulus will, on extinction of the stimulus and continued steady fixation, induce an afterimage whose colour is complementary to that of the initial stimulus; an effect thought to be caused by fatigue of cones and/or of cone-opponent processes to different colours. However, to date, very little is known about the specific pathway that causes the coloured...

The effect of artificially varying the pupil size upon the pattern evoked visual response was examined in six healthy subjects and six patients with multiple sclerosis who had abnormal visual evoked responses. Slight depression of amplitude was seen whether the pupil was small or large, but the most obvious effect was a reduction of latency with a large pupil and an increase of latency with a s...

The psychological arrow of time refers to our experience of the forward temporal progression of all natural processes. To investigate whether and how time's arrow is mentally coded in individual everyday events, a relatedness judgment task was used. The items each consisted of a verb (probe) and an adjective or participle (target). The temporal orientation between probe and target was varied ei...

Abstract Background Horner syndrome is caused by disruption to any part of the oculosympathetic nerve supply, and classically characterized triad ptosis, miosis, facial anhidrosis. Two cases secondary longus colli edema have previously been reported in literature; however, this first case bilateral asymmetric inflammation causing unilateral syndrome. Case presentation An 18-year-old male was fo...

Exuberant persistent pupillary membranes (PPM) are rare in adult eyes. We report the case of a 53-year-old man diagnosed with bilateral, profuse, persistent pupillary membranes and unilateral cataract.

The terms ego constriction, ego inhibition, and ego restriction have not been clearly differentiated in their usage in the literature. In this paper a rationale for "ego constriction" as an entity distinct from both ego inhibition and ego restriction is given, despite its clear similarities to each. In a person with an ego inhibition, the ego inhibits a part of its own functioning because a par...