In 1994 I went with Michael Kremer to visit the family he had lived with for a year in rural Kenya.1 We met up with many of Michael’s old friends, including Paul Lipeyah, who told us of the work he was doing with International Child Support (ICS) Africa, a nongovernmental organization (NGO) helping government schools in Busia, a neighboring district in Kenya’s Western Province. Paul asked us wh...

Gender-based violence increases a woman's risk for HIV but little is known about her decision to get tested. We interviewed 97 women seeking abuse-related services from a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Johannesburg, South Africa. Forty-six women (47%) had been tested for HIV. Caring for children (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.07, 1.00]) and conversing with par...

Despite major obstacles, activities to control sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were initiated in Haiti in 1992 in collaboration with local nongovernmental organizations. The approaches included review of available local data, assessment of STD case management practices and constraints, and development of specific STD control activities at the primary health care level, such as systematic s...

The Fourth World Conference on Women acknowledged that environmental degradation 1) disproportionately affects poor women who are powerless to control it, 2) is linked to poverty, and 3) jeopardizes women's reproductive health. Thus, the Platform for Action addresses environmental inequalities among its 12 areas of critical concern, and the governments who signed the consensus agreed to take a...

The Syrian conflict is now a humanitarian and public health catastrophe for the country and the region. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) AntÓnio Guterres described the current situation as the greatest humanitarian disaster of the past two decades, requiring the largestever humanitarian appeal. The UN has called for US$5·2 billion for a regional response plan that includes support to n...

The military forces in the United States represent a unique culture that includes many subcultures within their own military society. Acculturation into the military often deemphasizes the influence of personal narrative and thereby establishes the primacy of military culture over personal cultural influences. The authors make the argument that military personnel need to further develop an unde...

Since 2013, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) that have adopted Turkish nationalism in Germany been included the reports for Federal Office Protection of Constitution. According to reports, they are considered be elements threaten German democratic culture and minorities Germany. The issue was brought Bundestag it agenda these NGOs could a security threat radical right wing features. In this...