A simple and efficient synthetic glycosylation method suitable for use in solid-phase enzymic oligosaccharide synthesis and site-specific glycosylation of recombinant proteins to produce defined glycoforms is described. This strategy utilizes N-(beta-saccharide) haloacetamides for attaching oligosaccharides specifically to cysteine residues of proteins in solution to form neoglycoproteins. The ...

Background Cognitive fluctuations refer to alterations in cognition, attention, or arousal occurring over minutes to hours, most commonly in patients with dementias associated with advanced Lewy body pathology. Their pathophysiologic underpinning remains undetermined. Case presentation We documented serial blood pressure (BP) measurements in an 86-year-old man with Parkinson's disease dementi...

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a functional reversible renal failure that occurs in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis or acute hepatic failure. The mean characteristic of HRS is renal ischemia secondary to hypotension and profound renal cortical vasoconstriction as a consequence of activation of systemic and local vasoconstrictors. Pharmacological treatment of HRS, using mostly terlipressin...

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) occurs when mechanisms for the regulation of orthostatic BP control fails. Such regulation depends on the baroreflexes, normal blood volume, and defenses against excessive venous pooling. OH is common in the elderly and is associated with an increase in mortality rate. There are many causes of OH. Aging coupled with diseases such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease ...

A rare cause of reflex syncope is metastatic cancers involving the head and neck. These can irritate the glossopharyngeal nerve and lead to glossopharyngeal neuralgia with associated syncope. This type of syncope is difficult to treat since it commonly involves both a vasodepressor and cardioinhibitory response, and typically requires removal of the irritative focus. We report a case of a 52-ye...

Orthostatic (postural) hypotension (OH) is a common, yet under diagnosed disorder. It may contribute to disability and even death. It can be the initial sign, and lead to incapacitating symptoms in primary and secondary autonomic disorders. These range from visual disturbances and dizziness to loss of consciousness (syncope) after postural change. Evidence based guidelines for the diagnostic wo...