OBJECTIVE To provide a detailed anatomic description of middle ear endoscopy via different approaches. METHOD Using 0, 30 and 90 degree rigid endoscopes, 6 dry temporal bones and 11 temporal bone blocks were examined to define the average range of view obtained by three approaches: 1. via the external ear canal approach; 2. via a retroauricular incision: including two subdivided routes, the m...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Determine if oral treatment with a vasoconstrictor decreases the blood to middle ear exchange rate of the perfusion-limited gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, crossover study. METHODS Ten adult subjects with and 10 without past middle ear disease completed paired experimental sessions, identical except for oral treatment with either pseudo...

Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are more likely to have hearing loss and are more susceptible to middle ear infections. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure middle ear function, using tympanometry, in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and HIV-uninfected children living in Cape Town, South Africa.Hearing-related health questionnaire data were obtained ...

Intratympanic drug delivery refers to drug administration in the middle ear, the main advantage being direct diffusion of substances in the inner ear through the round window membrane with subsequent high intralabiryntine drug concentration and very low systemic side effects. The article is a review of literature concerning the inner ear barrier systems, the physiology of inner ear fluids, intr...

Objectives: Hearing impairment in children is considered as an important public health problem. Auditory function in these children is poor and depends on their hearing aids efficacy and also their ears’ status. Hearing aids are very expensive and ear disease deteriorates its performance. Therefore detecting the ear disease and offering proper treatment is necessary. The aim of this study is to...

Mucins are important glycoproteins in the mucociliary transport system of the middle ear and Eustachian tube. Little is known about mucin expression within this system under physiological and pathological conditions. This study demonstrated the expression of MUC5B, MUC5AC, MUC4, and MUC1 in the human Eustachian tube, whereas only MUC5B mucin expression was demonstrated in noninflamed middle ear...

BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) displayed strong activities in anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal studies and were reportedly efficient in treating otitis media. Information on distribution of AgNPs in different compartments of the ear is lacking. OBJECTIVE To detect distribution of Ag NPs in the middle and inner ear and transportation pathways after transtympanic injection....

Few epidemiological studies of middle ear disease have been conducted in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, yet the disease is common and causes hearing impairment and poorer educational outcomes. The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with abnormal middle ear appearance, a proxy for middle ear disease. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 0...