Interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of a number of drugs are often due to hereditary polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Most important is cytochrome p4502D6 (CYP2D6), also known as debrisoquine/sparteine hydroxylase. It catalyzes hydroxylation or demethylation of more than 20% of drugs metabolized in the human liver, such as neuroleptics, antidepressants, some beta-bloc...

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a disease with intestinal mucosal inflammation causing diarrhea, affecting predominantly middle-aged women. The etiology is unknown, but increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases in these patients has been described, although not compared with controls or adjusted for confounding factors. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of common diseases in pat...

Whereas systolic blood pressure (SBP) continuously rises with age, diastolic (DBP) gradually decreases after the age of 55 years. Therefore, hypertension in elderly shows pattern isolated hypertension. There is evidence on benefits controlling (BP) patients The BP lowering effect has also been demonstrated over 80 years threshold for initiation antihypertensive drug treatment older adults decre...

BaCkground Beta-blockers refer to an assorted group of medications that block the action of endogenous catecholamines on beta-adrenergic receptors. The β1 and β2 receptors are the primary beta-adrenergic receptors in the human cardiovascular system. Betablockers differ in their β1/β2-receptor selectivity and vasodilatory properties. Based on this diversity, beta-blockers have been categorised i...

BACKGROUND The sympathetic nervous system has a unique role in endothelial function, and beta-receptors are a key part of sympathetic nervous system function. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the pharmacological augmentation of endotheliumderived nitric oxide synthesis. SUMMARY Beta-blockers have been commercially available since the 1960s. Stimulating beta-receptors causes dilatation whereas blockin...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of renin blockers angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in the prevention of diabetes. METHODS We did a meta-analysis using the Cochrane group methodology of all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the role of renin blockers in which outcomes of new-onset diabetes was reported. This meta-...

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic analysis of family data on blood pressure (BP) is often compromised by the effects of antihypertensive medications. A review of numerous clinical trials that investigated the effects of BP-lowering medications is summarized here. METHODS Published clinical trials, including 137 clinical trials with monodrug therapies and 28 clinical trials of combination drug therapie...

Previous studies suggested that the incidental use of β-blockers might influence clinical outcome in solid tumors. We assessed the correlation between the incidental use of β-blockers and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy alone or in combination with bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. We collected data from 235 metastatic colo...

Aims: Deprescribing of antihypertensive drugs is recommended for some older patients with polypharmacy, but there little evidence to inform which drug (or dose) should be withdrawn. This study used data from the OPTiMISE trial examine whether short-term outcomes deprescribing vary by class and dose medication Methods: The included aged ≥80 years controlled systolic blood pressure (SBP; <...

Doxorubicin has become one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents, but its use was complicated by development heart failure. Proposed mechanisms for antitumor effects included intercalation into DNA that caused prevention micro molecule synthesis, cross-linkage and binding, damage due to topoisomerase 2b suppression, reactive oxygen species production, induction apoptosis. Several drugs ...