Among the >200 members of the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase family in Arabidopsis thaliana, only a few have been functionally characterized. Here, we report a critical function in anther development for the SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE1 (SERK1) and SERK2 genes. Both SERK1 and SERK2 are expressed widely in locules until stage 6 anthers and are more concentrated in the tapetal cell...

Important phenomena related to rice, such as Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), self-incompatibility and sex determination, are involved in sexual reproduction. For rice, the development process of male gametophyte and pollen contains several stages, including pre-meiotic anther (PMA), meiosis (MEI), tetrad (TET), uninuclear (UN) microspore, bicellular (BC) pollen, tricellular (TC) pollen, MEI, ...

INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 Linkage intensity between the factor pairs Su su and Ta tu in maize. .................... 598 The relative frequency of crossing over between S, su and Tu tu in megaspore and microspore development. ...................................................

abstract in this research, the effects of ba with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/l) in combination with iba (0, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/l) on bud growth and shoot proliferation and tdz with different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) in combination with 0 and 0.5 mg/l iba on somatic embryogenesis from different parts of immature cotyledons (proximal, median and distal) w...

salicylic acid play an important role in plants physiological processes. in this research the effect of salicylic acid on induction of somatic embryogenesis and plant pigments synthesis in the phloem and petiole explants of carrot in the b5 medium was investigated. we added treatments with 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2 and 3 mm to culture medium by experimental base on the randomized design to investigate the...

Sexual reproduction of plants starts with the formation of gametes and a 2-fold reduction in the number of chromosomes (ploidy) of these cells. Fertilization, the union of sperm and egg cell restores the ploidy level to its normal value again. During the formation of pollen grains, the structures that contain the male gametes, the reduction in the number of chromosomes happens when the vegetati...

background sall gene family represent a group of evolutionary conserved zinc finger transcription factors which are involved in normal development. it includes four members (sall1 to sall4). sall4 has significant roles in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal, efficient proliferation /stabilization and cell fate decision of embryonic stem cells (escs). our aim in this study was to an...

A method for the preparation of developmentally staged microspores and young pollen from maize (Zea mays) has been devised. The preparations are of sufficient purity and quantity for biochemical analysis, including the analysis of steady-state protein and RNA populations associated with each stage. A major transition in protein populations occurs during the developmental period that encompasses...