In today’s diverse human activities, hidden micro-organisms in indoor and outdoor environments are inescapable and impose dangerous health issues. In recent years, with the introduction of advanced technologies in houses, hospitals, industry, and other environments, the apprehension has increased. The interest in evaluating the level of microbial contamination in places at risk has increased an...

BACKGROUND The quantities of Legionella vary considerably from natural waters to water in contaminated domestic hot water supplies, whirlpool spas and cooling towers, with the risk for LD rising as the Legionella counts grow. We currently report the results from our Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) model evaluation. We developed the LD QMRA model to better understand Legionella exp...

Microbial risk assessment (MRA) is a process that evaluates the likelihood of adverse human health effects following exposure to a medium in which pathogens are present. Several different classes of models are available to quantitatively characterize risks to human health from exposure to pathogens. Herein, we consider the question of parsimony for specific realizations of representative static...

Iron-reducing bacteria can transfer electrons to ferric iron oxides which are barely soluble at neutral pH, and electron-shuttling compounds or chelators are discussed to be involved in this process. Experiments using semipermeable membranes for separation of ferric iron-reducing bacteria from ferric iron oxides do not provide conclusive results in this respect. Here, we used ferrihydrite embed...

The study was conducted to record the microbial inhabitants of the nirmal ear canal and isolate microbial infective agents in otitic ears in dogs. The microorganisms were isolated from 87.5% of normal ears, which included Staphylococcus spp. (37.5%) followed by S. pyogenes (25.0%), P. aeruginosa (12.5%) and E. coli (12.5%). The fungus Candida spp was isolated from 37.5% normal ears, which was a...

The majority of the population in developing countries uses plants or plant preparations in their basic health care.Many plant species have been proved to have antimicrobial activity. Lots of the antibiotics had been at the beginningderived from micro-organisms even as the chemotherapeutic agents are from vegetation. Together with other dosagevarieties, natural drugs are additionally formulated...

Article history: Received: 17 Sep 2010 Accepted: 13 Oct 2010 Available online: 27 July 2011 Background: Cystic fibrosis disease is a common hereditary autosomal recessive disorder in which loss of lung function caused by infectious factors is the most common cause of the patient’s death. In this study, the microbes in sputum of the cystic fibrosis patients have been studied during relapses of t...

An automated and computerized system (Automicrobic System [AMS]) for the detection of frequently encountered bacteria in clinical urine specimens was tested in a collaborative study among six laboratories. The sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and reproducibility of the AMS were determined, and the system was compared with conventional detection and identification systems. In this study, p...