Leaching is a mechanism for the release of nutrients from litter or senesced leaves that can drive interactions among plants, microbes, and soil. Although leaching is well established in conceptual models of litter decomposition, potential nutrient solubility of mineral elements from recently senesced litter has seldom been quantified. Using a standardized extraction (1:50 litter-to-water ratio...

abstract date palm, phoenix dactylifera, is one of the most important horticultural crops in iran. the most soils in iran, especially those cultivated with palm, are calcareous with high ph. the high ph of soil causes reduction of nutrient elements absorption. findings of researches show that application of elemental sulfur along with tiobacillus bacteria in soil, due to sulfur oxidation, reduc...

This paper is concerned with a numerical method for multiscale elliptic problems. Using the framework of the Heterogeneous Multiscale Methods (HMM), we propose a micro-macro approache which combines finite element method (FEM) for the macroscopic solver and the pseudospectral method for the micro solver. Unlike the micro-macro methods based on standard FEM proposed so far in HMM we obtain, for ...

The development of a novel system integrating SU-8 micro-grippers with a tensile force sensor for handling and characterising the mechanical properties of delicate biological samples, such as fibrils, is presented. The micro-grippers are actuated by the electro-thermal effect and have gripping forces comparable to the common “hot-and-cold-arm” grippers. A thorough and robust finite element mode...

Three-dimensional serial reconstruction techniques allow us to develop very detailed microfinite element (micro-FE) model of bones that can very accurately represent the porous bone micro-architecture. However, such models are of very high dimension and, at present, simulation is limited to a linear elastic analysis only. In the present paper, we suggest to use model reduction in order to enabl...