Autophagy-related (ATG) gene products regulate macroautophagy, LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) and LC3-dependent extracellular vesicle loading secretion (LDELS). These processes also influence antigen processing for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells. Here, I summarize how these different pathways use the macroautophagy machinery, contribute MHC class ...

Despite eliciting a potent CD8+ T cell response, Brucella abortus is able to persist and establish a chronic infection inside its host. We have previously reported that the infection of human monocytes/macrophages with B. abortus inhibits the IFN-γ-induced MHC-I cell surface expression down-modulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. MHC-I down-modulation depends on bacterial viability and resu...

An individual tumor can present intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity, containing tumor cells with different phenotypes that do not present irreversible genetic alterations. We have developed a mouse cancer model, named GR9, derived from a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma that was adapted to tissue culture and cloned into different tumor cell lines. The clones showed diverse MHC-I phenot...

conclusions the results revealed that the novel multi-epitope dna construct could be an effective candidate in tuberculosis vaccine development, and it is qualified to investigate its potential to induce cd4 and cd8 t- cell immune response in the experimental animal model. results mhc class i-and class ii-predicted epitopes showed a high potential to binding to human hlas alleles, with global b...

AIMS To evaluate the role of hepatocyte expression of leucocyte adhesion molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis. METHODS The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), and MHC class I and II antigens on hepatocyte membrane in relation to the histological and b...

Orthopoxviruses evade host immune responses by using a number of strategies, including decoy chemokine receptors, regulation of apoptosis, and evasion of complement-mediated lysis. Different from other poxviral subfamilies, however, orthopoxviruses are not known to evade recognition by CTL. In fact, vaccinia virus (VV) is used as a vaccine against smallpox and a vector for eliciting strong T ce...

Subunits of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex are expressed on the surface of tumors, bind the TCR of human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 lymphocytes and promote their cytotoxicity. Present experiments show that detection of the complex (called ecto-F1-ATPase) at the cell surface by immunofluorescence correlates with low MHC-class I antigen expression. Strikingly, the alpha and beta chains of ecto-F1-AT...

The aim of this study was to evaluate MHC class I expression and prognosis using tumor tissues surgically removed from 9 dogs with mammary gland carcinomas and from 13 dogs with complex carcinomas. We assessed MHC class I expression and its correlation with tumor size, B2M expression, infiltration of lymphocytes, histological grade and prognosis. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were hist...

The image above shows immunofluorescence staining of a cross-section of small intestine from a mouse with a 'mosaic' pattern of expression of cell-surface MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I molecules. The mosaic effect can be seen on the intestinal villi, which contain stretches of epithelial cells that express MHC class I (bright green) interrupted by equally long stretches of cell...

Misfolded MHC class I heavy chains (MHC I HCs) are targeted for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) by the ubiquitin E3 ligase HRD1, and E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2J1, and represent one of the few known endogenous ERAD substrates. The mechanism by which misfolded proteins are dislocated across the ER membrane into the cytosol is unclear. Here, we investigate the re...