Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) are a promising drug candidate and food ingredient because they are innately biocompatible, non-toxic, and non-allergenic to living tissues. Therefore, the impurities in COSs must be clearly elucidated and precisely determined. As for COSs, most analytical methods focus on the determination of the average degrees of polymerization (DPs) and deacetylation (DD), as we...

Both basal and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated human platelet adenylate cyclase activity are inhibited by Na+ and other monovalent cations. Inhibition occurs when the cations are present in concentrations of 20 to 120 mM. Inhibition of basal activity by epinephrine requires the presence of GTP but not Na+. In the presence of epinephrine and GTP, Na+ further reduces basal activity, and the co...

Competition between triplex formation with double-stranded DNA and oligonucleotide self-association was investigated in 23mer GA and GT oligonucleotides containing d(GA)5 or d(GT)5 repeats. Whereas triplex formation with GT oligonucleotides was diminished when temperature increased from 4 to 37 degrees C, triplex formation with GA oligonucleotides was enhanced when temperature increased within ...

The energy-dependent uptake of calcium by inverted membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli was investigated. Methods for preparation and storage of the vesicles were devised to allow for the maximal activity and stability of the calcium transport system. The pH and temperature optima for the reaction were observed to occur at pH 8.0 AND 30 DEGREES, RESPECTIVELY. The eft was found that the extent ...

Divalent cations and polysaccharides such as inulin and dextran reversibly inhibited hemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes caused by Vibrio metschnikovii cytolysin. On the basis of the 50% inhibitory doses, the cations were divided into two groups, group I (Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, and Zn2+) and group II (Ba2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Sr2+). Neither divalent cations nor polysaccharides interfered...

Bisphosphonate (BP) agents have attracted much attention for their precise therapy in some skeletal maladies demonstrated by enhancing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In this work, the use of CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)/LANL2DZ to estimate susceptibility single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) adsorbing alendronate, ibandronate, neridronate, and pamidronate chelated two metal cations 2Mg2+, 2Ca2+...

The ion atmosphere around nucleic acids critically affects biological and physical processes such as chromosome packing, RNA folding, and molecular recognition. However, the dynamic nature of the ion atmosphere renders it difficult to characterize. The basic thermodynamic description of this atmosphere, a full accounting of the type and number of associated ions, has remained elusive. Here we p...

Hydrochemical assessment of the freshwater lakes provides important insights into sources dissolved ions, geochemical processes, and anthropogenic activities taking place in environment. This study focuses on hydrochemistry water quality Kupinde Lake, Karnali Province, Nepal. Surface samples were collected from 24 different locations lake October 2021 analyzed for 18 physico-chemical parameters...

Rivers play an essential role in the global matter transport and hydrogeochemical cycle. Hydrogeochemical research is significant to developing protecting water resources Qinghai-Tibet Plateau its lower reaches. This study aimed identify hydrochemical characteristics controlling factors of Daqu River Gaqu Dingqing County, two tributaries upper Nujiang River. used spatial analysis, trilinear dia...