This article develops an econometric analysis of metro station operating cost to identify factors that create variation in cost efficiency. Stations operating costs can be classified amongst the semifixed costs that a metro faces in the sense that they do not vary proportionately with metro output. They may therefore be important in determining the degree of returns to density. This article see...

Metro accessibility has attracted interest in sustainable transport analyses. Hence, the accuracy of metro-accessibility measures have become increasingly vital. Various spatiotemporal factors, including by-metro accessibility, land-use and to-metro affect metro accessibility; however, measuring while considering all these components simultaneously is challenging. By integrating factors into a ...

This thesis examines algorithms for the drawing of metro maps. The most important elements of a metro map are stations and lines connecting the stations. In the context of this thesis, we restrict the elements used for representing lines to one of two classes: On the one hand, circular segments lying on circles with a common center S are allowed. On the other hand, line segments lying on lines ...

BACKGROUND The research productivity of a place depends on doctors, patients and available infrastructure to carry research activities. AIMS We aimed to study the publishing trends and research productivity of metro and non-metro cities in the Journal of the Association of Physi cians of India (JAPI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Bibliometric analysis of research articles published in JAPI between...

We develop a simple robust link between deep out-of-the-money American put options on a company’s stock and a credit insurance contract on the company’s bond. We assume that the stock price stays above a barrier B before default but drops below a lower barrier A after default, thus generating a default corridor [A, B] that the stock price can never enter. Given the presence of this default corr...

It is my pleasure to welcome you formally as clinical medical students at the Royal Victoria Hospital. All of you already will have been here long enough to realise that the successful metabolism of this hospital depends in large part on the integrative action of the main corridor. As you walk down the corridor you will meet your friends, and recognise all the different members ofthe hospital s...

In this paper, we are going to investigate the growth of the Iranian maritime transport with a focus mainly on the North - South transit Corridor, review of dry ports in order to support the Iranian container terminals at the south ports in order to increase the volume of container storages at the terminals. For the purpose of assessing the outcome of port operational management, the Balanced ...

Bats emit biosonar pulses in complex temporal patterns that change to accommodate dynamic surroundings. Efforts to quantify these patterns have included analyses of inter-pulse intervals, sonar sound groups, and changes in individual signal parameters such as duration or frequency. Here, the similarity in temporal structure between trains of biosonar pulses is assessed. The spike train similari...

Aircraft must follow strict Air Traffic Control (ATC) rules. One of these rules is that aircraft have to fly over predefined Flight Routes (FR). Current ATC visualizations do not display FRs because they are numerous and run into each other, and thus spoil the visualization. The schematic views for metro maps are used to maximize the transmission of relevant information (lines, metro stops) of ...