background several studies showed that dopamine and norepinephrine improve retention and retrieval of memory. methylphenidate is an enhancer of dopamine and norepinephrine in brain. objectives in the present study, the effect of methylphenidate was evaluated on retention and retrieval of memory in young and aged mice using passive avoidance apparatus. materials and methods animals were divided ...

Proof of (2.17) From (2.10) we have with high probability for large n and uniformly in x and y √ n(F n (x, y) − ˆ F X (x) ˆ G(y)) ≤ α n x, y + log 2 n n − G(y)α n (x, ∞) − ˆ F X (x) α n ∞, y − log 2 n n + 2C log 2 n √ n , √ n(F n (x, y) − ˆ F X (x) ˆ G(y)) ≥ α n x, y − log 2 n n − G(y)α n (x, ∞) − ˆ F X (x) α n ∞, y + log 2 n n − 2C log 2 n √ n. Set V n,0 = √ n(F n − ˆ F X ˆ G). From (2.12) and...

objective: the aim of present research is to investigate the effects of neurofeedback on cognitive function with emphasis on memory. method: this study is an experimental study. for this reason using a stratified sampling procedure sample of 30 subjects in 2 groups of experimental and placebo was selected. investigated subjects were assessed with the wechsler memory scale in two stages (pretest...

Objectives: In this research study, the effect of training phonological awareness skills on the improvement of auditory memory in students with spelling problems in third grade at primary schools in Sari City, Iran, was investigated.  Methods: The research method used in the study was quasi-experimental with pre-tests, post-tests, and a control group. The statistical population consisted ...

introduction: drugs of abuse such as nicotine and morphine used systemically by addicts produce their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. furthermore, evidence indicates that some behavioral effects of nicotine and morphine are mediated by nitric oxide (no). based on these observations, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra-nucleus accumbens (nac) inj...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a disease of the immune system that creates damage of learning and memory in that. using probiotic supplements is recommended for preventing ms disease and improving memory. this study aimed to investigate the effect of lactobacillus plantarum (lp) and bifidobacterium b94 (bb94), on acquisition phase of spatial memory in the local demyelination of rats` hi...