Alkyl nitrates are metabolized in vitro to yield nitric oxide, and thiol groups have long been considered necessary cofactors. Here, we report evidence that no reaction between thiols and alkyl nitrates takes place in vitro, but stronger reducing agents, such as iron(II) derivatives, are necessary; alkoxy radicals and nitrite anions are the reaction intermediates. The latter, in slightly acidic...

Stable angina pectoris is characterised by typical exertional chest pain that is relieved by rest or nitrates. Risk stratification of patients is important to define prognosis, to guide medical management and to select patients suitable for revascularisation. Medical treatment aims to relieve angina and prevent cardiovascular events. Beta blockers and calcium channel antagonists are first-line ...

A shortcoming in the clinical use of organic nitrates is the development of tolerance. Recent data have suggested that the denitrification of organic nitrates is mediated by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and that dysfunction of this enzyme is an important cause of tolerance. In this issue of the JCI, evidence in support of this hypothesis is presented in an in vivo model of nitrate toler...

Background: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the most effective treatment (long-term administration of calcium channel blockers [CCBs] with without any form long-acting nitrates [nitrates]) for reducing incidence major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients vasospastic angina (VSA).

The renewable energy driven electrochemical conversion of nitrates to ammonia is emerging as a viable route for the creation this hydrogen carrier. However, highly efficient electrocatalysts that show prolonged stability an ongoing challenge. Here we room temperature liquid metal Galinstan can be used and stable electrocatalyst nitrate achieving rates up 2335 ?g h?1 cm?2 with Faradaic efficienc...

The organic nitrates are widely used in the management of coronary artery disease. They are given not only to patients with stable angina pectoris, but also to those with unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Although they are effective for the treatment of these disorders, their therapeutic value is compromised by the rapid development of tolerance during sustained t...

A constructed wetland (CW) was strategically placed to treat nitrates in groundwater as part of a watershed-based farmer engagement process. Using stream water quality data collected before and after installation, this CW was found to reduce stream concentrations of nitrogen from nitrate (NO3-N) during the growing season by about 0.14 mg/l at mean streamflow, a 17% reduction. Based upon realist...

Organic nitrates in both gas and condensed (aerosol) phases were measured during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study from January to February in 2012. A high degree of correlation between total aerosol volume at diameters less than 500 nm and the particulate organic nitrate concentration indicates that organic nitrates are a consistent, if not dominant, fraction of fine aerosol mass. In contras...

The hypothesis that nitrates evoke prostacyclin production by vascular endothelium has been reevaluated on cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells and in vascular fragments, both obtained from humans. Endothelial cell monolayers (passages 1 and 2) were washed free of culture medium and exposed for 3 to 5 min to buffer or nitroglycerin (NTG), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), or isosorbide-5mononit...