Many individuals with severe and multiple disabilities do not have an access pathway that enables them to interface with their environment because they are not afforded a binary switch that they can reliably control. While recent research has focused on the self-regulation of central signals of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to create braincomputer interfaces (BCIs) for these individuals, t...

Central nervous system (CNS) receives peripheral relevant information that are able to regulate individual's energy balance through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signals. Ingested nutrients come into contact with multiple sites in the gastrointestinal tract that have the potential to alter peptide and neural signaling. There is a strong relationship between CNS and those peripheral signals (...

A growing body of evidence supports an intriguing clinical/epidemiological connection between Alzheimer disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D patients have significantly increased risk of developing AD and vice versa. Recent studies have begun to reveal common pathogenic mechanisms shared by AD and metabolic disorders, notably obesity and T2D. In T2D and obesity, low-grade chronic inflamm...

A 48-h period of fasting inhibits estrous cycles in Syrian hamsters, and fasting-induced anestrus can be prevented by intracerebroventricular treatment with leptin during the fasting period. In the present experiment, the effects of intracerebroventricular leptin were blocked by systemic treatment with inhibitors of metabolic fuel oxidation. Leptin was infused continuously into the lateral vent...

Peripheral neuropathy is a severe dose limiting toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy. Ever since it was identified, the clear pathological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remain sparse and considerable involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation has been realized recently. Despite the empirical use of antioxidants in the therapy of CIPN,...

The current multifactor approach to the explanation of hunger includes a role for influences of bodily metabolism. The most widely favored idea appears ,fobe that metabolism of glucose in a specialized part of the central or peripheral nervous system produces short-term inhibitory effects, and some representation of adipose triglyceride stores produces adjustments in food intake which promote t...