The Cronica universalis written by the Milanese friar Galvaneus Flamma (it. Galvano Fiamma, d. c. 1345) contains an astonishing reference to a terra que dicitur Marckalada, situated west from Green...

Table A1. Search Terms Generated by the Crowd (a) Influenza – Crowd-Squared Search Terms and % of Turkers Mentioning Each Term Search Term % Mention Search Term % Mention Search Term % Mention Search Term % Mention sick 68% influenza 4% achy 2% fatigue 1% fever 39% coughing 4% weak 2% home 1% cough 21% germs 4% bad 2% hospital 1% cold 16% headache 4% shots 2% nyquil 1% shot 13% ache 4% body ach...

Event Mention detection is the first step in textual event understanding. Proper evaluation is important for modern natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we present our evaluation algorithm and results during the Event Mention Evaluation pilot study. We analyze the problems of evaluating multiple event mention attributes and discontinuous event mention spans. In addition, we identif...

Integrating text and knowledge into a unified semantic space has attracted significant research interests recently. However, the ambiguity in the common space remains a challenge, namely that the same mention phrase usually refers to various entities. In this paper, to deal with the ambiguity of entity mentions, we propose a novel Multi-Prototype Mention Embedding model, which learns multiple s...

The prevailing notion that the problem of essential indexicals must be solved through the theory of meaning of attitude ascriptions is incorrect. Well-known attempts to solve the problem along those lines, e.g., the proposals of lewis (1979) and Perry (1979), have rested on the overly optimistic assumption that there is no limit in principle to the access one may have to the contents of someone...

Reading comprehension is a challenging task, especially when executed across longer or across multiple evidence documents, where the answer is likely to reoccur. Existing neural architectures typically do not scale to the entire evidence, and hence, resort to selecting a single passage in the document (either via truncation or other means), and carefully searching for the answer within that pas...

Micro-blogging systems have become one of the most important ways for information sharing. Network structure and users' interactions such as forwarding behaviors have aroused considerable research attention, while mention, as a key feature in micro-blogging platforms which can improve the visibility of a message and direct it to a particular user beyond the underlying social structure, is seldo...

We study the problem of learning general rules from concrete facts extracted from natural data sources such as the newspaper stories and medical histories. Natural data sources present two challenges to automated learning, namely, radical incompleteness and systematic bias. In this paper, we propose an approach that combines simultaneous learning of multiple predictive rules with differential s...

This paper presents a new criticism of reductive approaches to knowledge-‘wh’ (i.e., those approaches on which whether one stands in the knowledge-‘wh’ relation to a question is determined by whether one stands in the knowledge-‘that’ relation to some answer(s) to the question). It argues in particular that the truth of a knowledge-‘wh’ attribution like ‘Janna knows where she can buy an Italian...

I, Ekaterina Shutova, of Hughes Hall, being a candidate for the M.Phil in Computer Speech, Text and Internet Technology, hereby declare that this dissertation and the work described in it are my own work, unaided except as may be specified below, and that the dissertation does not contain material that has already been used to any substantial extent for a comparable purpose. Abstract " Genes ca...