OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, modes of clinical presentation and indications for replacement therapy in a cohort of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). METHODS This study was conducted at the Endocrine and Diabetes Unit of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre from September 2007 - October 2015. This was a retrospective chart analysis of prospectively collected data in whicht...

Contraceptive choice in the 1st 1075 acceptors at an urban clinic in Lagos, Nigeria is studied using clinical notes of all patients who attended the clinic between September 1, 1980 and August 31, 1983. Details of previous and current contraception, age, parity and level of education are analyzed. The IUD was the most popular choice followed by the injectable contraceptive and the pill. Inte...

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the common­ est endocrine disturbance in women of reproductive years, and its aetiology remains unclear (1). Its clinical features include hyperandrogenism, obesity, menstrual irregularity and anovular infertility, but the clinical presentation can vary. PCOS in the commonest cause of anovulatory infer­ tility and hirsutism world-wide (2). PCOS i...

BACKGROUND In low-middle income countries and other areas of poverty, menstrual hygiene management (MHM) can be problematic for women and girls. Issues include lack of knowledge about menstruation and MHM, and stigma around menstruation, also access to affordable and absorbent materials; privacy to change; adequate washing, cleaning and drying facilities; as well as appropriate and accessible d...

AIM To estimate the influence of intensive training on menstrual cycles in female athletes. METHOD The questionnaire was used to determine the time of menarche, and the prevalence of primary and secondary amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea in 72 active female athletes from Zagreb (10 volleyball players, 18 basketball players, 10 ballet dancers, and 34 runners) aged between 15 and 21. The control gro...

These are two addresses which appeared in London medical journals. Their main object is to emphasize the advantages of z-rays in the treatment of menstrual hajmorrhage and of breast cancer. The author is a confirmed optimist and seems to have had more fortune than his radiological confreres. This of course may be due to luck or to a careful selection of cases; for most gynaecologists of wide ex...

I n 1982, more than 20% of women surveyed in a nationally representative sample had discontinued oral contraceptives (OCs) on their own or at the recommendation of their physician due to bleeding or spotting. Sadly, the percentage today has not decreased much. Understandable concern, embarrassment, and annoyance lead these women to abandon OCs. What they often don’t know, though, is that breakt...

Of the 109 specialist female physical education students who answered a detailed questionnaire on menstruation and the contraceptive pill in relation to exercise, 91 (83.5%) reported that they suffered menstrual problems. These included stomach ache, depression, abdominal cramps and backache. Over two-thirds of the students considered that these problems adversely influenced their physical perf...

The aim of this study was to determine the association between academic stress and menstrual disorders among female undergraduates in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety-three (393) female students of the University of Uyo, ages between 16 and 35 years were randomly selected from different departments in the University, and studied during the 2009/2010 academic session. Menstru...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea among school girls and to compare the impact of exercise and hot water bottle on the occurrence and severity of primary dysmenorrhoea among the study population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross sectional study was done to estimate the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in two schools of Chandigarh, India. For the Randomised Controlled Trial...