In June 2007 a number of scientific and medical journal editors gathered to discuss the possibility of developing a common standard with regard to the disclosure of conflicts of interest . The meeting was a response to the widespread concern among members of the research community, policy makers, and the general public that failure to disclose conflicts of interest in research publications refl...

Introduction: Today, student-centered methods must be used to train students with professional competency. One of the most valuable methods is Jigsaw (JT). Despite its various positive effects on students’ learning, not all teachers are familiar with Jigsaw. In order to familiarize teachers with this method and encourage them to use it in teaching their students, this article introduces Jigsaw,...

‎We firstly prove the completeness of the category of crossed modules in a modified category of interest‎. ‎Afterwards‎, ‎we define pullback crossed modules and pullback cat objects that are both obtained by pullback diagrams with extra structures on certain arrows‎. ‎These constructions unify many corresponding results for the cases of groups‎, ‎commutative algebras and can also be adapted to ...

Financial conflicts of interest exist between industry and physicians, and these relationships have the power to influence physicians’ medical practice. Transparency about conflicts matters for ensuring adequate informed consent, controlling healthcare expenditure, and encouraging physicians’ reflection on professionalism. The US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) launched the Open ...

Conflicts of interest for junior faculty members were evaluated at top cancer centers by Suneel D. Kamath, MD, et al. to determine how financial conflicts correlated with measures academic career productivity.

I use data from the South African Social Giving Survey to investigate the role of social capital and motivations for giving to formal charities and beggars. Results suggest that both impure altruism and inequality aversion positively influence giving to formal charities but they have no influence on giving to beggars. The role of social capital is varied. Members of informal insurance groups ar...

A hard challenge facing developers of online communities is attaining a critical mass of members and subsequently sustaining their participation. We propose a new mechanism for motivating participation in interest-based online communities, which engages non-contributing members (lurkers) by modeling and visualizing the asymmetrical relations formed when reading, evaluating, or commenting other ...