Objective(S): The dangerous effects of X-ray have been elucidated by scientific studies in occupational health hygiene.  X-ray protective like an apron, thyroid shield and gloves have been made of lead (Pb) to protect against X-ray. However, such equipment makes a lot of safety and health problems such as toxicity, weight, inflexibility and troubles usage in a physician. To ove...

Background: Medical x-rays are the largest man-made source of public exposure to ionizing radiation. It is important to avoid conditions where the amount of radiation used is more than that needed for the procedure. Materials and Methods: The Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) measurement was conducted for quality control of x-ray machines and survey of operator’s experimental techniques. The ESEs we...

A capillary plasma z-pinch as an alternative active medium of soft X-Ray lasers was studied experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical analysis was based on the self consistent solution of the so called “snow plow” model. The dynamics of pinched plasma is determined by the capillary parameters and by the time dependence of electrical current passing through it. The current time dependenc...

X Persei is a persistent low-luminosity X-ray pulsar of period $\sim$835 s in Be binary system. The field strength at the neutron star surface not known precisely, but indirect signs indicate magnetic above $10^{13}$ G, which makes object one most magnetized pulsars. Here we present results observations performed with Imaging Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). polarization signal was found to be stro...

Introduction: To date, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been demonstrated to have great potential as contrast agent for CT imaging and therapeutics. This study was designed to evaluate any effect on X-ray attenuation that might result from using GNPs with a variety of size, surface chemistries and shapes.   Materials and Methods: Spherical GNPs and gold nanorod...