Water scarcity is now one of the major global crises, which has affected many aspects of human health, industrial development and ecosystem stability. To overcome this issue, water desalination has been employed. It is a process to remove salt and other minerals from saline water, and it covers a variety of approaches from traditional distillation to the well-established reverse osmosis. Althou...

Given the reduced freshwater supplies across the world, seawater desalination is one of the appropriate methods available for producing freshwater. Selecting an optimal location is crucial in the installation of these plants owing to the environmental problems they cause. The present study was conducted to identify optimal locations for installing desalination Plants in the coastal areas of sou...

In recent years, capital and operating costs of seawater desalination plants have decreased remarkably. However, production of potable water from seawater by reverse osmosis membrane desalination remains 2 to 3 times the cost of desalting brackish water, reclaiming wastewater, or importing fresh water even over long distances. In addition, rejection of boron by seawater RO membranes is generall...

This paper presents some aspects of forward osmosis coupled with reverse osmosis using a recirculating draw solution, to produce desalinated water or for dewatering/concentrating a feed stream, with some data provided from a number of operational sites. Many of these aspects are applicable to other osmotic processes and provide an insight into where they may be appropriately considered. A compa...

Fuel allocation in a combined steam-injected gas turbine (STIG) power generation and multi-effect thermal vapor compression (METVC) desalination system is studied, using seven methods: (1) Products Energy Method, (2) Products Exergy Method, (3) Power-Generation-Favored Method, (4) Heat-Production-Favored Method, (5) Basic Exergetic Cost Theory, (6) Functional Approach and (7) Splitting Factor M...

Although graphene oxide lamellar membranes (GOLMs) are effective in blocking large organic molecules and nanoparticles for nanofiltration and ultrafiltration, water desalination with GOLM is challenging, with seriously controversial results. Here, a combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study shows that intrinsic high water/ion selectivity of GOLM was achieved in concentration...

This paper presents the exergy analysis of a desalination unit using humidification-dehumidification process. Here, this unit is considered as a thermal system with three main components, which are the heating unit by using a solar collector, the evaporator or the humidifier, and the condenser or the dehumidifier. In these components the exergy is a measure of the quality or grade of energy and...