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A propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging (PBI) setup using a conventional x-ray source (LFF Cu target) is presented. A virtual x-ray source of 40 x 50 μm was created by using, horizontally, a 6 take-off angle (with the x-ray tube working in the line focus geometry) and, vertically, a 50 μm slit . The sample was set 12 m from the source. Propagation-based x-ray phase-contrast (PB) image ...

Fenton process, as one of the most conventional advanced oxidation processes, is widely used in the treatment of specific wastewaters, especially landfill leachate. In current study, the main target was to evaluate some neglected aspects of Fenton process in operational applications. Thus, three novel responses were introduced. Mass removal efficiency evaluates overall recalcitrant destruction ...

 ABSTRACTBackground: Monte Carlo simulation has been used by many researchers to calculate organ and effective dose of patients arising from conventional X-ray examinations. In this study the radiation transport code, MCNP-4C, has been used to perform Monte Carlo simulations to estimate radiation dose delivered to different organs in conventional X-ray examinations.Material and Methods: In this...

OBJECTIVE X-ray attenuation coefficients are used in common radiological, pathological and spectroscopic examinations and in the determination of the radiation dose distribution in biological tissues. In radiology, these coefficients enable diagnosis by differentiating the abnormal tissues from the normal ones using their morphological structure and contrast differences. In this study, our aim ...

Automatically detecting vertebral bodies in X-Ray images is a very complex task, especially because of the noise and the low contrast resulting in that kind of medical imagery modality. Therefore, the contributions in the literature are mainly interested in only 2 medical imagery modalities: Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR). Few works are dedicated to the conventional X-Ray ...

At a time in which medical costs are straining the economic welfare of our country, do we need another new technology to diagnose and treat diseases? To answer that question we must explore any shortcomings of our present system and assess the benefits that we might hope to derive from the costs of another layer of expensive technology. If our longevity and quality of life can be significantly ...

Image representation is one of the major aspects of automatic classification algorithms. In this paper, different feature extraction techniques have been utilized to represent medical X-ray images. They are categorized into two groups; (i) low-level image representation such as Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM), Canny Edge Operator, Local Binary Pattern(LBP) , pixel value, and (ii) local pa...

Themathematical principles of computed tomography (CT) were first investigated by J. Radon [28] as early as 1917 and were later extended to complex fields by Kirillov [22]. The first application of tomography was, surprisingly, in radio astronomy [2], and today, it finds usage in diverse fields such as medical imaging, seismology, and underwater acoustic imaging. In medical imaging, CT has had ...