We present gridded sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) for the Atlantic basin (45 °S–60°N) as averages over the period AD1790–1825, based on early-instrumental SST data. The original measurements were compiled by Major James Rennell and made by numerous British naval vessels on behalf of the British Admiralty. We describe the digitization of this dataset and the reconstruction of spatially coherent...

The climatic mechanisms driving the shift from the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) to the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the North Atlantic region are debated. We use cosmogenic beryllium-10 dating to develop a moraine chronology with century-scale resolution over the last millennium and show that alpine glaciers in Baffin Island and western Greenland were at or near their maximum LIA configurations during...

We present a study of the seasonal and interannual variations of the export pathways of pollution from Europe for eleven years, 1987-1997, using the GEOS-CHEM model of 3-d trace gas/aerosol chemistry and transport. The dominant export pathways in winter are advection to i. the middle and high latitudes of the North Atlantic Ocean, including the European Arctic; ii. Russia and the Russian Arctic...

The cold-adapted Rhodococcus sp. strain AW25M09 was isolated from an Atlantic hagfish caught off the shore of northern Norway as part of an ongoing bioprospecting project that aims to identify novel bacteria with biotechnological potential. Here, we present the 5.8-Mb draft genome sequence, together with details regarding the origin of the strain and its sequence assembly.

the north atlantic oscillation (nao) is one of the most prominent modes of low-frequency variability over the atlantic basin in the northern hemisphere. in the past decades, the impact of nao has attracted increasing scientific interest because the nao exerts an important impact on the regional climate and weather in the north atlantic region and adjacent continents. of particular interest is t...

The thermohaline circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic plays a vital role in explaining past abrupt climate changes and in maintaining the current climate. Its remarkable nonlinear dynamics, first demonstrated by Stommel, has been supported by various types of climate models. This has led to severe concerns that global warming may shut down the THC irreversibly, with consequent catastrophic c...

The early Late Pliocene (3.6 to ∼3.0 million years ago) is the last extended interval in Earth's history when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were comparable to today's and global climate was warmer. Yet a severe global glaciation during marine isotope stage (MIS) M2 interrupted this phase of global warmth ∼3.30 million years ago, and is seen as a premature attempt of the climate system to estab...

Phocine distemper virus (PDV) has caused 2 epidemics in harbor seals in the Atlantic Ocean but had never been identified in any Pacific Ocean species. We found that northern sea otters in Alaska are infected with PDV, which has created a disease threat to several sympatric and decreasing Pacific marine mammals.

This chapter begins with a brief history of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) research. It then goes on to summarize recent progress in understanding why the ITCZ is locked in the Northern Hemisphere in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and how this northward-displaced ITCZ affects the space-time structure of tropical climate variability.