BACKGROUND The association of oblique palpebral fissures and A- or V-pattern has not been clarified. We report two cases of A-pattern esotropia with marked mongoloid slanting palpebral fissures associated with vertical displacement of the horizontal rectus muscle. CASES Case 1 was a boy with Prader-Willi syndrome. He showed A-pattern esotropia with upward slanting palpebral fissures. Severe s...

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of periocular triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), and the presence of ocular or systemic adverse effects. Methods: A multicentre prospective pilot study was performed on patients diagnosed with Graves’ ophthalmopathy less than 6 months before entry to the study. Patients were admitted to the study and were randomise...

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of periocular triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), and the presence of ocular or systemic adverse effects. METHODS A multicentre prospective pilot study was performed on patients diagnosed with Graves' ophthalmopathy less than 6 months before entry to the study. Patients were admitted to the study and were randomise...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of transposition procedures on the vertical rectus muscle (VRM) in the patients who underwent a medial rectus muscle (MR) transection after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). METHODS In 4 patients with exotropia (XT) and a lack of adduction after ESS, orbital CT or MRI revealed a complete transection of the midportion of the MR. Full-tendon VRM transposition was pe...

OBJECTIVE To propose medial rectus (MR) recession to be equally as effective as lateral rectus (LR) resection, which has heretofore been the preferred treatment for divergence paralysis esotropia (DPE). METHODS We examined a 17-year surgical experience comparing LR resection with MR recession in adults with DPE, defined as symptomatic distance esotropia (ET) at least double the asymptomatic E...

A 31-year-old patient had acute dizziness and lateropulsion to the right. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination revealed (1) a saccade gaze palsy left (video 1, part A), (2) “half-pathologic” head-impulse test right B), but (3) bilaterally normal adduction during convergence reaction C), findings typical for abducens nuclear palsy. It was caused by histologically proven cavernoma in tegmentum pontis...

To provide an animal model of human exotropia, a free tenotomy of the medial recti was performed in two infant macaques. When the animals were old enough to record eye movements with video eye trackers, we measured their ductions, ocular alignment, comitance, smooth pursuit, fixation preference, and gaze stability. Partial recovery of adduction occurred in each monkey from spontaneous re-attach...

AIMS To compare the postoperative surgical outcomes and the changes in deviation achieved per millimetre of recession in patients treated by graded unilateral medial rectus (UMR) or bilateral medial rectus (BMR) recession for small to large angle esotropia with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. METHODS In a retrospective, consecutive and interventional case series, 102 patients underwent UMR r...

AIM To evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) to diagnose orbital cysticercosis, and present the diagnostic features. METHOD US and CT were used to evaluate patients with proptosis. Four patients were diagnosed as having orbital myocysticercosis and treated with oral albendazole and corticosteroid. Follow-up was undertaken with US and CT. RESULT US features were co...

AIM This prospective study compares the results of bilateral medial rectus recession versus (vs) Y-split recession of medial recti techniques for surgical management of essential infantile esotropia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty patients were included in this study and had preoperative infantile esotropia with large angles (ie, >30 prism diopters [PD]). Patients were divided into Group A, whic...