purpose: to compare bilateral medial rectus advancement (bmra) and bilateral lateral rectus recession (blrr) for treatment of consecutive exotropia in terms of final alignment. method: this randomized clinical trial was performed on 14 patients with consecutive exotropia. inclusion criteria included history of bilateral medial rectus recession, exotropia ³20 pd and far-near difference <10 pd. e...

BACKGROUND Reconstruction of the heel represents a difficult challenge for surgeons, given the demand for thick, durable skin capable of withstanding both pressure and shear. The authors describe the use of a sensate medial plantar flap for heel reconstruction in three patients and document the long-term retention of sensation compared with the contralateral uninjured heel and corresponding don...

[Purpose] Walking with the feet turned inward or outward often causes issues for the people with these walking patterns. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of in-toeing and out-toeing on maximum force and the center of pressure (COP) trajectory length during stair walking. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 30 female university students without orthopedic diseases of t...

Double (segmental) clavicle fractures, involving both the medial and lateral aspects of the clavicle, are very uncommon. Even less common is an asynchronous double fracture with one of the fractures being a nonunion. We report the case of a 30-year-old healthy male patient who had an unusual double clavicle fracture (medial nonunion, lateral acute) that occurred in separate traumatic events dur...