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A prospective study was performed to assess the intra-operative variation in femoral and tibial axis alignment during navigated total knee replacement. The intra-operative initial, trial and final mechanical axis alignments were recorded from the navigation system. The mean variation and correlation coefficient were calculated and analysed. There were 40 patients (24 females, 16 males), with ag...

Proper ligament balancing, restoration of the mechanical axis and component alignment are essential for the success and longevity of a prosthesis. In conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA), an intramedullary guide is used to improve the alignment. An extramedullary guide can be used in cases of severe femoral bowing or intramedullary nailing but its use is more subjective and relies on the ...

Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as the next-generation reinforcement materials to potentially replace conventional carbon fibers for producing super-high-performance lightweight composites. Herein, it is reported that sheets of millimeter-long multi-walled CNTs with stretch alignment and epoxidation functionalization reinforce bismaleimide resin, whic...

In this paper, we report on passive alignment with sub-micron precision of two photonic chips on a silicon optical bench. An effective design principle to minimize the tolerance chain is presented and applied to a case study. The chips have been successfully manufactured and individual characterization of the chips revealed that all critical dimensions were within or close to specs. Sub-pixel a...

We describe a new dichroic polarizers made by ordering silver nano-fibers to aligned layers. The aligned layers consist of nano-fibers and self-assembled molecular aggregates of lyotropic liquid crystals. Unidirectional alignment of the layers is achieved by means of mechanical shearing. Aligned layers of silver nano-fibers are partially transparent to a linearly polarized electromagnetic radia...

Total hip replacement arthroplasty and hip resurfacing are two of the most successful orthopaedic operations performed worldwide. Critical to the success of these operations is the accurate placement of the components. Correct component alignment reduces mechanical wear and the risk of dislocation. Traditionally, correct component alignment relies on the surgeon referencing from the position of...

Optomechanical systems couple an electromagnetic cavity to a mechanical resonator which typically is a solid object. The range of phenomena accessible in these systems depends on the properties of the mechanical resonator and on the manner in which it couples to the cavity fields. In both respects, a mechanical resonator formed from superfluid liquid helium o ers several appealing features: low...

Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) provides measurements of flow speed, temperature, and density of ions or neutrals in a plasma. Traditionally, a LIF measurement requires two ports on a plasma device; one for laser injection and one for emission collection. Proper alignment of LIF optics is time consuming and sensitive to mechanical vibration. We describe a confocal configuration for LIF that re...

A method of fabricating micromachined Corner Cube Reflectors (CCRs) with high surface flatness and accurate control of mirror angle is demonstrated. A parallel, automated three-dimensional self-assembly process is presented, using bonded silicon-on-insulator material and out-of-plane rotation powered by the surface tension of thick photoresist pads. Precise alignment is achieved by minimising t...