Protection against infectious diseases is provided to young infants by passive immunity through the transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G during pregnancy and through immunoglobulin A in breast milk [1–7]. Despite the obvious benefits of these antibodies to the youngest infants, their levels wane over time, necessitating the development of active immunity through vaccination. The timing o...

Objective: Health workers may be exposed to some occupational risks due the nature of their work and one them is infectious diseases. One ways prevent diseases vaccination this study was carried out evaluate status perspectives emergency medicine physicians. Materials Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional conducted on 311 physicians working in departments. Results: Of participants, 22.5% ha...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate viral vaccine antibody levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after chemotherapy and after vaccine booster doses. METHODS Antibody levels against hepatitis B, rubella, measles and mumps vaccine antigens were evaluated in 33 children after completing chemotherapy (before and after vaccine booster doses) and the results were compared to the data of 33 healthy...

The aim of the study reporfed here was to determine if bifurcated needles or multiple puncture cylinders would prove suitable for administration of measles vaccines. Children 9 to 11 months old in S#o Paula, Brazil, were assigned to receive either BikenCam 70 (5 000 TCl0,dO.S ml) or Edmonsfon-Zagreb (7 000 TCID,,IO.5 ml) measles vaccine intradermally with a bifurcated needle or a multiple punct...

Vaccine refusal can lead to renewed outbreaks of previously eliminated diseases and even delay global eradication. Vaccinating decisions exemplify a complex, coupled system where vaccinating behavior and disease dynamics influence one another. Such systems often exhibit critical phenomena-special dynamics close to a tipping point leading to a new dynamical regime. For instance, critical slowing...

BACKGROUND The 37 countries and areas of the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region have targeted measles for elimination by 2012. METHODS We reviewed routine and supplementary immunization coverage based on 2010 WHO/United Nation's Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates and Joint Reporting Forms and epidemiologic and laboratory data submitted by the countries and areas. RESULTS...

BACKGROUND Measles was responsible for an estimated 100,000 deaths worldwide in 2008. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, measles remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. Although a safe and effective injectable measles vaccine has been available for over 50 years it has not been possible to achieve the uniformly high levels of coverage (required to achieve m...

Measles is one of the most infectious diseases. Before the introduction of the measles vaccine, nearly all children contracted measles. By the end of the 1980s, most countries of the world had incorporated the measles vaccine into their routine vaccination programs. Globally, some 345,000 deaths due to measles still occur every year. Eradication of measles would play an important role in improv...

A version of the Western blot was developed to detect serum antibodies against measles virus polypeptides. With this technique, a seroepidemiological survey of antibodies to the several measles virus proteins in diverse measles-related conditions was conducted. The sera were obtained from individuals with a recent or long-past history of natural measles, from persons with a history of immunizat...

BACKGROUND Measles control may be more challenging in regions with a high prevalence of HIV infection. HIV-infected children are likely to derive particular benefit from measles vaccines because of an increased risk of severe illness. However, HIV infection can impair vaccine effectiveness and may increase the risk of serious adverse events after receipt of live vaccines. We conducted a systema...