the results showed success of the health system to detect suspected cases of the measles and appropriate sampling from suspected cases that were more than expected. in addition, per every one million population of iran in 2014, 1.27 of cases of measles were reported; that a numbers of confirmed cases observed in afghan refugees. low levels of immunization coverage in eastern neighboring countri...

Seasonality strongly affects the transmission and spatio-temporal dynamics of many infectious diseases, and is often an important cause for their recurrence. However, there are many open questions regarding the intricate relationship between seasonality and the complex dynamics of infectious diseases it gives rise to. For example, in the analysis of long-term time-series of childhood diseases, ...

An increasing number of recent studies involve the fitting of mechanistic models to ecological time-series. In some cases, it is necessary for these models to be discrete-time approximations of continuous-time processes. We test the validity of discretization in the case of measles, where time-series models have recently been developed to estimate ecological parameters directly from data. We fi...

A child with a febrile exanthema is a complex medical problem involving diagnostic challenges, epidemiological threats and a great concern for the parents and any physician, should be prepared to deal with it. Many of the classical ones (measles, rubella, chickenpox) have now a decreased incidence due to a high vaccine coverage, which makes even harder for the physician to establish an early di...

BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, measles case-based surveillance was introduced in 2004 as one strategy for measles control by laboratory confirmation of suspected cases. In this article, epidemiological distribution of laboratory-confirmed measles cases were reported from the Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia between 2007 and 2014, as the region is one of the highly m...

Measles had practically been eliminated in Granada since the systematic vaccination of children with two doses introduced in 1984. However, in 2009 the disease returned in the form of small outbreaks. This study describes the measles outbreak that occurred in Granada from October 2010 to August 2011 and the measures imposed to control it. Information was sourced from the records of the Andalusi...

The major role played by demographic stochasticity in determining the dynamics and persistence of childhood diseases, such as measles, chickenpox and pertussis, has long been realized. Techniques which can be used to estimate the magnitude of this stochastic effect are of clear importance. In this study, we assess and compare the use of two moment closure approximations to estimate the variabil...

BACKGROUND The persistent circulation of measles in both low-income and high-income countries requires a better characterisation of present epidemiological trends and existing immunity gaps across different sociodemographic settings. Serological surveys, which provide direct measures of population protection against the infection, are underexploited and often supply fragmentary estimates of pop...

From December 2008 to June 2009 a measles outbreak occurred in the Federal State of Hamburg, Germany. The outbreak affected 216 persons and was caused by a new measles strain termed D4-Hamburg which led to consecutive outbreaks between 2009 and 2011 in at least 12 European countries. Here, we describe epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak and evaluate the control measures taken in Ham...

INTRODUCTION During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which lasted from 1992-1995, the functioning of all sectors was disturbed, including the health sector. The priority of the heath sector was treatment and less attention was paid to prevention, and this applies also to the Program of implementation of obligatory immunization, as one of the most important prevention measures. This program wa...