Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) is perhaps the most fundamental of decision support operations in geographical information systems (GIS). This paper reviews two main MCE approaches employed in GIS, namely Boolean and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), and discusses issues and problems associated with both. To resolve the conceptual di€ erences between the two approaches, this paper proposes the...

The paper presents a framework for sensitivity analysis (SA) in spatial multiple criteria evaluation (S-MCE). The framework focuses on three aspects of S-MCE: spatiality, scope, and cardinality. Spatiality stresses the importance of spatial criteria and spatial weights that should be explicitly considered in GIS-based MCE. Scope relates to the extent of SA, ranging from local one-at-a-time crit...

OBJECTIVES The purpose was to examine the cardioprotective effects of recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-immunoglobulin (rPSGL-Ig) in ischemia-reperfusion injury by real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). BACKGROUND P-selectin mediates leukocyte recruitment into areas of inflammation. METHODS Sixteen pigs underwent 45 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occ...

UVA1 rays (340–400 nm) representing at least 75% of solar UVs, generate cellular oxidative stress and are able to induce cutaneous damage impairment functions (immunity, development, inflammation, dermal matrix organization). Clinically, they contribute hyperpigmentation, immunosuppression, carcinogenesis photoaging. State the art sunscreens can filter UV up 370 nm, but lack absorption in 370–4...

In this paper, we present the Maximum Normalized Likelihood Estimation (MNLE) algorithm and its application for discriminative training of HMMs for continuous speech recognition. The objective of this algorithm is to maximize the normalized frame likelihood of training data. Instead of gradient descent techniques usually applied for objective function optimization in other discriminative algori...

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with migratory circinate erythema (EBS-MCE) is a rare EBS subtype characterised by migratory blistering lesions that resolve with brownish pigmentation. It is caused by a recurrent readthrough mutation, c.1649delG, in the tail of keratin 5. Here, we report a child with EBS-MCE and investigated the immunologic mechanisms underlying the migratory lesions in this pati...

This article shows that the Minimum Classification Error (MCE) criterion function commonly used for discriminative design of speech recognition systems is equivalent to a Parzen window based estimate of the theoretical Bayes classification risk. In this analysis, each training token is mapped to the center of a Parzen kernel in the domain of a suitably defined random variable. The kernels are s...

In this paper, we report our recent development of a novel discriminative learning technique which embeds the concept of discriminative margin into the well established minimum classification error (MCE) method. The idea is to impose an incrementally adjusted “margin” in the loss function of MCE algorithm so that not only error rates are minimized but also discrimination “robustness” between tr...

In this paper, we extend the Maximum Likelihood (ML) training algorithm to the Minimum classificnrtion Emor (MCE) training algorithm for optimal estimation of the state-dependent polynomial coefficients in the trended HMM [2]. The problem of automatic speech recognition is viewed as a discriminative dynamic data-fitting problem, where nlotiue (not absolute) closeness in fitting an array of dyna...

UNLABELLED Asthma patients have been reported to be sensitive to breathlessness, independent of the degree of airway obstruction. Paying attention and task performance may induce changes in breathing pattern and these in turn may mediate such a feeling. The present experiment investigates whether strained breathing induced by an arithmetic task was different in children with asthma compared to ...