this study historically analyzes the scientific output of mathematics to describe its structure, notions and scientific origin using the historiographical method. the research data consisted of scientific outputs of mathematics in isi database, science citation index (sci) and social science citation index (ssci) during 8 years (1990 to 2007). the data collection tool was the search engine and ...

In this paper we consider a constrained optimization problem where the objectives are fuzzy functions (fuzzy-valued functions). Fuzzy constrained Optimization (FO) problem plays an important role in many fields, including mathematics, engineering, statistics and so on. In the other side, in the real situations, it is important to know how may obtain its numerical solution of a given interesting...

Building services engineering is an important academic and professional subject area in Hong Kong. Basically, all the design, installation, testing, operation and maintenance of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems, fire engineering systems, water supply and drainage systems, electrical services and control systems are included. Several degree programmes in building services engine...

ISMIHAN BAIRAMOV, SAMUEL KOTZ and TOMASZ J. KOZUBOWSKI* Izmir University of Economics, Department of Mathematics, Sakarya Caddesi 156, 35330 Izmir, Turkey; Dept. of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, 1776=G Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20052, USA; University of Nevada, Dept. of Mathematics=084, Reno, NV 89557-...

Monica E. Cardella is an Associate Professor of Engineering Education and an Affiliate of the Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering at Purdue University. She is the Director of the MEDLEE (Mathematics and Engineering Design Learning Environments and Experiences) Research Group. She has a BSc in Mathematics from the University of Puget Sound and an MS and PhD in Industrial Enginee...

Today, being confident and having a sound understanding of mathematics is critical in an age of STEM. Teachers must play in important role in seeing that all students display their confidence in their ability to do mathematics. This paper explains the process of using bibliotherapy when teaching mathematics to address both the math anxious or the math gifted student to build more math confidenc...

VOLUME 34A, JULY 2003—1421 XIAOFAN LI is with the Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616. JOHN LOWENGRUB, formerly with the School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 is now with the Department of Math, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697. Contact e-mail: [email protected] QING NIE is with the Depart...

Society’s increasing dependence on complex technology mandates high assurance of system correctness. Traditional engineering disciplines such as civil or mechanical engineering achieve such assurance through application of mathematics to system modeling. ‘The formal nature of mathematics allows practitioners in traditional engineering domains to predict the behavior of systems prior to implemen...

Mathematics is the most important discipline for engineering students besides their own subject – and it is constantly required in engineering freshmen lectures. Sometimes, mathematical content is needed in engineering lectures before it has been taught in the mathematics classroom. Thus, the engineering teachers often have to do mathematical excurses that are ineffective and unsatisfying, both...